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a-level chemistry > halide ions > Flashcards

halide ions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the equation for the reaction of NaCl with sulfuric acid?

A

Cl- + H₂SO₄ = HCl + HSO₄-

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2
Q

what is the equation for the reaction of NaBr with sulfuric acid?

A

2Br- + H₂SO₄ + 2H+ = Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

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3
Q

what is the equation for the reaction of NaI with Sulfuric acid?

A

6I- + H₂SO₄ + 6H+ = 3I₂ + S + 4H₂O
8I- + H₂SO₄ + 8H+ = 4I₂ + H₂S + 4H₂O

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4
Q

what observations are there for NaCl+H₂SO₄

A

HCl - steamy white fumes, turns litmas paper red

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5
Q

what observations are there for NaBr+H₂SO₄

A

Br₂- orange vapour
SO₂- choking gas

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6
Q

what observations are there for NaI+H₂SO₄

A

S- yellow solid
I- purple vapour
HS- foul smelling gas

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7
Q

give a test for halide ions

A

react with acidified silver nitrate solution and forms a ppt
Ag+(aq) + X-(aq) = AgX (s)

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8
Q

what colour ppt does AgCl form?

A

white

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9
Q

what colour ppt does AgI form?

A

yellow

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10
Q

what colour ppt does AgBr form?

A

cream

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11
Q

what colour ppt does AgF form?

A

none as it is soluble

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12
Q

what happens to AgCl when ammonia is added?

A

dissolves

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13
Q

what happens to AgI when ammonia is added?

A

insoluble in ammonia so ppt remains

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14
Q

what happens to AgBr when ammonia is added?

A

dissolves in excess ammonia

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15
Q

why must silver nitrate must be acidified when being used to test for halide ions?

A

prevents the formation of sodium carbonate which forms as a result of carbon dioxide dissolving in the solution

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16
Q

give a test for ammonium ions

A

add warm NaOH solution which produces ammonia gas. test with damp red litmas paper which turns blue
NH₄+(aq) + OH-(aq) = NH₃(g) + H₂O(l)

17
Q

give a test for carbonate ions

A

Add HCl or H₂SO₄ or HNO₃ and bubble the gas produced through lime water which forms a white ppt due to CO₂ produced
2H+(aq) + CO₃2- (aq) = H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

18
Q

give a test for hydroxide ions

A

add a solution of Mg2+ ions and a white ppt is formed
Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) = Mg(OH)₂(s)

19
Q

give a test for sulfate ions

A

add acidified barium chloride and a white ppt is formed
Ba2+(aq) + SO₄2-(aq) = BaSO₄(s)

20
Q

explain why barium chloride must be acidified when testing for sulfate ions

A

prevents the formation of BaSO₃ which forms when carbon dioxide is dissolved in the solution

21
Q

explain why acidified barium chloride or silver nitrate solution reacts with carbonate ions

A

both contain acid that reacts with carbonate ions to produce carbon dioxide

22
Q

give two sources of aqueous sulfate ions

A

group 1 sulfate salts and sulfuric acid

23
Q

give the first step to test any unknown inorganic solid

A

dissolve in water

a-level chemistry (14 decks)

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