Equine Flashcards by Liz Dywiak

what can influence whether or not to do surgery on a horse

Availability of Facility
Availability of Surgeon
Patient Health Status
Ability to provide After Care
Prognosis
Economics

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two types of equine surgery

standing
general anesthesia

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surgery that is best for animals with extreme stress

standing

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surgery that is best for animals with a history of problems with general anestheisa

standing

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surgery that is best for owners with cost restraints

standing

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three drawbacks to standing surgery

Surgeon comfort and visualization
Difficult to drape for sterile surgical field
Possible movement of patient

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how long is grain restricted in standing surgery prep

12 hours

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how long is hay restricted in standing surgery prep

2 to 6 hours

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three things to do for standing surgery prep

clean surgical area
instruments available
decide on restraint (chemical, physical)

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three ways to control pain in standing surgery

nerve block
field block
epidural

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pain control method for standing surgery used a distal area “map” being blocked

nerve block

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pain control method for standing surgery where a line of area is blocked

field block

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pain control method for standing surgery that provides analgesia for Tail, perineum, anus/rectum, vulva, vagina

epidural

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local anesthetic epidurals can cause a higher chance of what negative side effect

ataxia

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three drugs classes used for epidurals in standing surgery

Local anesthetics
Alpha-2
Opioids

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location used for epidural in standing surgery

first moveable intercoccygeal space

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how long is grain and hay withheld in general anesthesia prep

12 hours

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what premeds are not used in GA because they depress GI motility

atropine

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how long is grain and hay withheld before GA

12 hours for both

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what is not withheld before GA

water

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what anesthesia drug is not recommended in horses because it depresses GI motility

Atropine

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what can be done preanesthetia to decrease anesthesia time

Clip/Clean
place catheter
equipment
positioning plan

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why is it important to clean the horses mouth before anesthesia

Harbors debris that would interfere with intubation

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what should be protected during GA to reduce the risk of recovery accidents

legs and eyes

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what two things should be done before GA to make sure the horse is safe for anesthesia

preop physical exam lab work

what should be done preop to correct dehydration and replenish electrolytes

fluid therapy

what can happen to horses in recumbent positions under GA

compartment syndrome

what two anesthesia factors can help reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

time and depth of anesthesia

proper positioning and what can reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

cushions

what should be reduce before GA to reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

carbohydrate intake

what should be maintained during GA to reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

blood pressure

three methods for induction/maintenance of GA

Injectable INDUCTION and injectable MAINTENANCE Injectable INDUCTION and gas MAINTENANCE Gas INDUCTION and gas MAINTENANCE

gas induction and gas maintenance is used in what age horse

foals

where should foals be induced with GA, to make induction easier

in the presence of the mare

three routes of intubation in horses

Orotracheal Nasotracheal Direct Tracheal

nasotracheal intubation is used only in what age horses

foals

In equine when is direct tracheal intubation primarily used

larynx/pharynx surgery - when other routes would interfere with surgical procedure

what is applied to "runoff" area where a tracheostomy tube is placed and why

Petroleum jelly to prevent skin scald

roll GA horses slowly to allow what to happen

down lung to inflate - prevents hypoventilation

stopping the flow of blood

hemostasis

how long can tourniquets be left on a horse

2 hours

what should the anesthetist announce during surgery if a tourniquet is used

passage of time

what is the name of the bandage used with a tourniquet

Esmarch bandage

Esmarch bandages (used with tourniquets) are applied in which direction

starting just below the cornary band and moving up the leg (proximal)

what is the riskiest part of GA and why

recovery because of their prey mentality (horses are spooked easily)

what position should horses recover from GA

lateral recumbancy

what should be supplemented to horses in recovery

oxygen

what should you wait for to extubate

swallowing

what should be done in recovery, from a safe distance

observation

a nasotracheal tube is needed after GA if what happens

nasal turbinate edema

how long should a horse wait to eat after GA

2 hours

orchidectomy

castration

what is a male horse after castration

gelding

when is castration done in horses

1-2 years

three reasons to do castration on a horse

Reduce Sexual Behavior Reduce Aggressive Behavior Prevents Reproduction

what is a cryptorchid

retained testicles

two kinds of cryptorchid

abdominal or high flanker

most common surgery in horses

castration

most common instrument for castration

emasculator

castration can be done in what two positions

standing or recumbent

what injection is always given after castration

tetanus

what two things do you watch for after castration

hemorrhage and swelling

what should horses not do before 24 hours after castration but should do 24 hours after castration

exercise

what is used to treat swelling after castration

hydrotherapy

where is the water stream directed in hydrotherapy

never in the incision, only to the sides of the prepuce and scrotum

anus is cranial to vulva

sunken anus

what surgery fixes sunken anus

caslick surgery

two terms for air entering the vagina

pneumovagina wind sucking

when air enters the vagina what can be collected in the vagina

feces

what kind of horses is caslick surgery common in

racing horses

what kind of stitch is placed during Caslick surgery to protect the surgical site while healing

Breeders stitch

when are Breeders stiches removed

10-21 days

what injection should be given after caslick surgery

tetanus

where is the gutteral pouch located

back of the throat

In equine three things that can happen to the gutteral pouch

empyema mycosis tympany

Empyema

pus collection

mycosis

fungal infection

tympany

swelling with air

three surgical procedures on the gutteral pouch

Modified Whitehouse Viborg’s Triangle Hyovertebrotomy

what should you do to the prepuce during abdominal surgery and why

"purse string" to avoid them peeing in the abdomen

what position are horses during abdominal surgery

laying on back

two most common abdominal surgeries in horses

c section and colic

Esmarch Bandage

Caslick surgery

Equine Flashcards

(84 cards)