Ovine and Caprine

Question 1

how long is food withheld for standing surgery in adults, lambs/kids, neonates

Answer 1

12-24 hours, adults
2 to 4 hours, lambs/kids
0 hours, neonates

Question 2

what should not be withheld for any age before standing surgery

Answer 2

water

Question 3

what are sheep and goats especially sensitive to as a local anesthetic

Answer 3

lidocaine

Question 4

at what rate can lidocaine be toxic to sheep and goats

Answer 4

10 mg/kg

Question 5

for lidocaine Do not use in concentrations greater than what percent

Answer 5

1%

Question 6

what percent lidocaine should be used in goats and in kids

Answer 6

1% goats
0.5% kids

Question 7

how many mg/ml is 2% lidocaine

Answer 7

20 mg/ml

Question 8

how many mls lidocaine would be toxic to a 50 kg sheep

Answer 8

50 kg = 500 mg
25 mls toxic

Question 9

three kinds of blocks for pain management

Answer 9

L block
paravertebral block
cornual nerve block

Question 10

most common block for pain management

Answer 10

L block

Question 11

how much lidocaine is used per site with a paravertebral block

Answer 11

2 to 5 ml

Question 12

which species has a dual nerve supply to each horn - two sites have to be blocked

Answer 12

goats

Question 13

what two nerves are blocked in goats with cornual nerve block

Answer 13

lacrimal nerve
infratrochlear nerve

Question 14

which nerve in the cornual branch in goats is caudal and deep

Answer 14

lacrimal nerve

Question 15

which nerve in the cornual branch in goats is rostral and shallow

Answer 15

infratrochlear nerve

Question 16

which cornual branch nerve do sheep have (they do not have dual nerve supply)

Answer 16

lacrimal nerve

Question 17

A

Answer 17

lacrimal nerve

Question 18

B

Answer 18

infratrochlear nerve

Question 19

how many ml are given for Bier blocks

Answer 19

0.5 - 1 ml per 50 kg anesthetic

Question 20

how many ml are given for caudal epidural analgesia

Answer 20

0.5 - 1 ml per 50 kg anesthetic

Question 21

goats have the same GA concerns as what species

Answer 21

cattle

Question 22

most common induction process for ovine and caprine

Answer 22

face mask induction (most are under 150 lbs)

Question 23

what drugs can be used for induction of ovine and caprine

Answer 23

propofol
ketamine/diazapam

Question 24

what is the target heart for ovine and caprine under GA

Answer 24

80 - 150 bpm

Question 25

when should castration be done in goats and sheep (if not being kept as pets)

Answer 25

first week of life

Question 26

when should castration be done in goats and sheep if being kept as pets

Answer 26

5 to 6 months

Question 27

why is castration delayed in goats and sheep that will be kept as pets

Answer 27

to allow penile urethra maturity (prevent a narrow urethra)

Question 28

adult castration is complicated by what and has what risk

Answer 28

well developed blood supply hemorrhage

Question 29

two injections that should be given when castration is done

Answer 29

tetanus antitoxin antibiotics

Question 30

two ways that closed castration can be done in goats and sheep

Answer 30

elastrator bands emasculatome (Burdizzo)

Question 31

What did Mike Rowe find to be the most humane way to castrate sheep and goats - elastrator bands or emasculatome (Burdizzo)

Answer 31

emasculatome (Burdizzo) banding takes longer and drags out discomfort

Question 32

preferred dehorning process for goats

Answer 32

heat disbudding

Question 33

what nerve block is done for dehorning goats

Answer 33

cornual nerve block

Question 34

three reasons for tail docking in sheep

Answer 34

** improve sanitary conditions (wool gets saturated in urine and feces) ** increase productivity in ewes (tail gets in the way of being bred) ** appearance for show animals

Question 35

at what age are tails docks in sheep

Answer 35

before 2 weeks

Question 36

how soon can tails be docked in lambs, if they are big enough

Answer 36

24 hours after birth

Question 37

six ways to tail dock lambs

Answer 37

Sharp pocket knife Emasculatone Emasculator Hot docking irons hot iron Elastrator (band tail) Pruning shears

Question 38

two precautions to take after tail docking lambs

Answer 38

tetanus and fly control

Question 39

how are C sections performed in goats and sheep

Answer 39

left flank with female in right lateral recumbancy

Question 40

the head should not be what in C section of goats and sheep

Answer 40

elevated

Question 41

how should sheep and goats be restrained for C section

Answer 41

by the assistant

Question 42

what block is given for C section

Answer 42

L block

Question 43

what injections are given after C sections

Answer 43

antibiotics and anti inflammatories

Question 44

how are supernumerary teats removed in goats and sheep

Answer 44

serrated scissors

Question 45

what direction do you cut to remove supernumerary teats

Answer 45

craniocaudal (not laterally across udder)

Question 46

what does descenting remove

Answer 46

"buck" odor

Question 47

two ways that "buck" odor is generated

Answer 47

rut (urinating on self) primary scent glands (caudomedial base of horn)

Question 48

how does castration help with some "buck" odor

Answer 48

eliminates testosterone

Question 49

what age can descenting be done

Answer 49

any age

Question 50

primary scent glands can be removed during what procedure

Answer 50

dehorning

Question 51

primary scent glands are where from the horn bud

Answer 51

caudomedially

Question 52

Answer 52

descenting

Question 53

descenting may cause females to do what

Answer 53

reject males because lack of scent

Question 54

entropion (turned in eyelid) happens in what neonate

Answer 54

young lambs

Question 55

two solutions to entropion

Answer 55

surgery (permanent) - remove wedge and suture injection (temporary)