Equine Carpus Flashcards by D. M.

Q

What are the 5 routine radiographs for the carpus?

A

LM
Flexed LM
DP
DLPMO
DMPLO

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Q

Which bones go up with a flexed LM view?

A

Intermediate carpal bone
4th carpal bone

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Q

What surfaces are highlighted with the DLPMO?

A

Lateral palmar
Dorsal medial
Accessory carpal bone is lateral

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Q

What surfaces are highlighted with the DMPLO?

A

Dorsolateral
Palmarmedial

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Q

What is the laterality of the accessory carpal bone?

A

Lateral

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Q

What is the laterality of the ulna?

A

Lateral

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Q

What view?

A

LM

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Q

What view?

A

Flexed LM

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Q

What view?

A

DP

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Q

What view?

A

DLPMO

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Q

What view?

A

DMPLO

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Q

Name each bone

A

Lateral

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Q

Name each bone

A

Lateral

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Q

Name each bone

A

Flexed lateral

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Q

Name each bone

A

DP

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Q

Name each bone

A

DLPMO

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Q

Name each bone

A

DMPLO

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Q

What are the 3 routine radiographs of the carpus?

A

DP
DLPMO
DMPLO

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Q

Name the bones

A

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Q

A

Normal variants of the carpus

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Q

A

Osteoarthritis
Pink = osteophyte, green = enthesophyte

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Q

Which bone is this change on?

A

Radial carpal bone

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Q

Define: Osteophyte

A

Osseous proliferation at the articular margin (at the junction of the articular cartilage and the periosteum) - indicator of joint disease

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Q

Define: Enthesophyte

A

Osseous proliferation at the insertion of ligaments/tendons/joint capsule on the bone

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What is indicative of intracapsular swelling?

Dorsal displacement of the fat pad = effusion/synovial proliferation

Dorsal enthesophytes associated with the joint capsule

Where is sclerosis of the carpal bone most common?

Radial facet of the third carpal bone

Third carpal bone sclerosis

Define: Marginal Fracture

"Chip" or "corner" *Occur at periarticular margins of carpal bones - involves one subchondral bone surfaces*

Define: Slab Fracture

Fracture extends through a carpal bone - involves two articular surfaces

Marginal/chip fracture *Craniomedial*

Marginal/chip fracture *Craniomedial*

Marginal/chip fracture *DLPMO* Chronic

Marginal/chip fracture Chronic

What is indicative of a chronic fracture?

Rounded smooth margins +/- Adjacent bone resorption (pink) +/- Rim of sclerosis (blue)

What is indicative of an acute fracture?

Sharp angular margin Regional soft tissue thickening

C3 slab fracture - *non-displaced*

C3 slab fracture - *non-displaced*

Identify the indicated bones

*Normal variant* Ulnar lateral styloid process - incomplete fusion with the radius

*Normal variant* Ulnar lateral styloid process - incomplete fusion with the radius

What view? What bone?

Avulsion fracture *DLPMO, ulnar bone*

Where are the most common sites of fracture in the antebrachiocarpal joint?

Proximal intermediate CB Proximal radial CB Distal medial radius

Where are the most common sites of fracture in the middle carpal joint?

Distal radial CB Distal intermediate CB Proximal third CB

What are the 3 most common locations for cyst like lesions to be seen?

2nd, ulnar, radial carpal bones

Osseous cyst-like lesion *Ulnar carpal bone*

Osseous cyst-like lesion

Radial exostosis *at the level of the physis*

Osteochondroma *Cartilage capped exostosis, proximal to the physis*

Radial osteochondroma/exostosis

Radial osteochondroma/exostosis

Residual ulna

What joint would you be most concerned about in this horse?

Radiocarpal

What is the major difference between foal and adult septic joints?

Foal = hematogenous Adult = direct inoculation

Infection

Infection

Carpal valgus

*Angular limb deformity* Ligamentous Mild to moderate incomplete ossification of the cuboidal bones resulting in 'wider' joints

*Angular limb deformity* Malformation/differential growth/crushing of the carpal bones *Results in valgus*

Incomplete ossification *Premature foal*

Mild incomplete ossification *3 day old foal*

Normal ossification *3 day old foal*

Incomplete ossification *Premature foal*

Mild incomplete ossification

Normal ossification