Equine: Foals Flashcards
What is a foals normal vitals?
T = 38.0-39.0
HR = 80-130bpm
RR = 12-24 bpm
IgG Snap test within 24-48 hrs
-<400mg/dL = failrure
- 400-800 = borderline
- >800 mg/dL = adequate
Normall nurse 5x/hr for 1st wk then ~1x/hr
During a physical exam, what are time periods that are green, yellow (caution) or red (call vet immediately. Considering sitting in sternal, sucking reflex, time to stand and time to suck
GREEN: Sitting sternal (5 min), Suck reflex (5-10 min), Time to stand (0-1 hr), Time to suck (0-2 hrs)
YELLOW: Sit sternal (5-10 min), Suck reflex (10-15), Stand (1-2hrs), Sucking (3-4hrs)
RED: Sternal (>10min), Suck refelx (>15 min), Stand (>2hrs), sucking (>4hrs)
Describe foal-mare bonding
DO NOT INTERRUPT
Ensure adequate colostrum intake
dip naval 2% iodine
possible enema
What is septicemia in foals?
Multi-organ failure
Injected/hyperemic MM
petechia
lethargic/depressed
tachycardia + weak pulse
What is omphalophlebitis? What is it also called?
Navel Ill
Swollen, sore, hot umbillicus
+/- purulent discarge
patent urachus
tx: systemic antibiotics + sx
sequelae of failure of passive transfer
What is septic arthritis/hysitis? What’s its other name
Joint Ill
Bact settle and populate in vessels of joint/physis, days or wks old
Acute onset grade 4/5 or 5/5 lameness
EMERGENCY
Tx broadspectrum Abx, sx lavage
Ask if its then a FPT?
What happens when there is failure of passive transfer?
EMERGENCY
Septicemia - omphalophlebitis, septic arthritis, physitis, pneumonia, diarrhea. Will need plasma transfusion
What is epiphysitis? How is it different than septic arthritis
Not an infection and occurs later when the foal is assumed clear of infection.
Caused by over feeding, overweight, rapidly growing, under exercised foals develop inflam of growth plates of long bones (radius, cannons, tibia)
warm swollen area above joint @ epiphysis, may be lameness.
Manage by reduce feed/energy intake + increase ability to exercise
Decribe pneumonia in foals
Neonatal - seualae of FPT, aspiration 2nd to bottle feeding
2-6 mo: EHV/influenza, rhodococcus, strep, zooepidemicus
Explain diarrhea in foals, what causes it?
FPT - E. coli, salmonella, clostridium, rotavirus. Tx symptomatically
“foal heat” diarrhea - Possibly from moms milk, strongyloides westeri parasite, changes in foal GI flora, no tx if otherwise BAR - vasaline to prevent scald
What is meconium impaction in foals
Failure to pass feces (should be <3 hrs of birth)
Black-green, sticky
strain to defecate
tx: enema, sx is rare
Explain colic in foals, what could it be caused from?
Meconium impaction, gastric ulcers, ruptured bladder, mesenteric volvulus
similar symp to adults - lie on back, legs in air
EMERGENCY
What is prematurity/dysmaturity in foals?
prematurity = born b4 anticipated due date: <320 days gestation
Dysmaturity = Born within anticipated due date period, but w/ prematurity signs: 320-370 days gestation
Caused from placentitis, colio/colitis white pregnant, twings, hypothyroidism
What are the symptoms of prematurity in foals? How do you treat?
fine silky coat, curled ear tips, low BCS/birth weight, domed forehead, soft lips, extreme tendon laxity, weak suckle reflex, incomplete ossification of cuboidal bones
FPT, EMERGENCY
TX w/ plasma transfusion, supportive nursing care, cannot be athletes
What is congnital hypothyroidism in foals
Same symptoms as prematurity
but also with prognathia(Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible) and contracted tendons
