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Clinical Anatomy > Equine Foot and Forelimb > Flashcards

Equine Foot and Forelimb Flashcards

1
Q

Fill out the directional terms in the diagram

A
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2
Q

fill out the chart

A
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3
Q

At what point does the front of the forelimb and hindlimb switch from cranial to dorsal?

A

carpus/tarsus down

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4
Q

how do you tell the difference between for fore and hind limb?

A

fore - carpus
hind - tarsus

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5
Q

where do lower number bones reside - lateral or medial?

A

medial

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6
Q

where do higher number bones reside - lateral or medial?

A

lateral

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7
Q

why are nerve blocks done?

A

-diagnose lameness
-desensitize area for surgery
-help us learn anatomy (for this course)

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8
Q

what does the palmar/planter digital nerve block desensitize?

A

palmar/plantar 2/3s of foot

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9
Q

what are the structures that are desensitized by palmar/planter digital nerve block?

A

sole, navicular structures, distal interphalangeal joint, distal DDFT, distal sesamoidean ligamnets

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10
Q

what nerves does the palmar/plantar digital nerve block?

A

medial & lateral palmar/plantar digital nerves

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11
Q

what nerves does the abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

A

medial and lateral palmar/plantar nervers

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12
Q

what are the structures that are desensitized by abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

A

foot, second phalanx, proximal interphalangeal joint, distopalmar/plantar aspect of proximal phalanx, digital portions of SDFT & DDFT, distal sesamoidean ligaments, distal annular ligaments

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13
Q

what nerves does the low-4 point/low palmar nerve block blocks?

A

medial & lateral palmar/plantar nerves
medial & lateral palmar/plantar metacarpal nerves

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14
Q

what is desensitized by the low 4-point/low palmar nerve block?

A

metacarpo-/-tarsophalangeal joint and structures distal
distal aspects of suspensory branches

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15
Q

what nerves are desensitized by the high 4-point/high palmar nerve block?

A

medial & lateral palmar nerves
medial & lateral palmar metacarpal nerves

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16
Q

what structures are desensitized with the high 4-point/high palmar nerve block?

A

MC2, MC4, proximal suspensory ligament/origin, inferior check ligament, DDFT, SDFT

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17
Q

What is desensitized in a distal interphalangeal joint block?

A

joint
navicular bursa

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18
Q

what joints are in the carpus?

A

radiocarpal joint
middle/inter carpal joint
carpometacarpal joint

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19
Q

what is desensitized with a metacarpo-/tarsophalangeal joint block?

A

joint

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20
Q

label each joint

A
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21
Q

which joints of the carpus communicate?

A

middle/inter carpal joint
carpometacarpal joint

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22
Q

label the bones

A
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23
Q

where is the accessory carpal bone always located?

A

lateral

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24
Q

what is desensitized in a radiocarpal joint block?

A

radiocarpal joint only

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25
Q

what is desensitized in a middle/intercarpal joint block?

A

middle/intercarpal joint and carpometacarpal joint

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26
Q

what are the layers of the hoof laminae?

A

epidermal laminae
dermal laminae

27
Q

what is the epidermal laminae attached to?

A

hoof wall

28
Q

what is the dermal laminae attached to?

A

P3

29
Q

what is laminitis?

A

inflammation of the laminae

30
Q

what are the two types of laminitis?

A

rotation of P3
sinking of P3 w/in hoof capsule

31
Q

what type of stance does laminitis horses typically have?

A

sawhorse stance

32
Q

which is normal and which is disease? what disease?

A

L - normal
R - laminitis

33
Q

which laminia is sensitive and which is insensitive?

A

sensitive - dermal
insensitive - epidermal

34
Q

what is the most common cause of chronic forelimb lameness?

A

navicular disease

35
Q

what is navicular disease?

A

chronic degenerative condition of navicular bone

36
Q

what is the highlighted part?

A

lamina separating from hoof wall

37
Q

which will appear overnight - laminitis or navicular disease?

A

laminitis
navicular disease develops over time

38
Q

what happens with the navicular bone degenerating?

A

-loss of medullary architecture
-bone sclerosis & fibrocartilage damage on flexor surface of bone
-traumatic fibrillation of DDF tendon
-enthesiophyte formation on proximal and distal borders of bone

39
Q

what is a bursa?

A

pocket of fluid that protects ligament going over bone

40
Q

which is normal and which is diseased? what is the disease?

A

L - normal
R - navicular disease

41
Q

what are the arrows?

A
42
Q

what is an enthesiophyte?

A

soft tissue attachment to bone -> bony spur

43
Q

what is happening to the navicular bone?

A

Edema

44
Q

what are structures that can be affected with penetrating wounds of the foot?

A

Ungual/collateral cartilage
* Digital flexor tendon sheath
Deep digital flexor tendon
* Navicular bursa
Navicular bone
* Distal interphalangeal joint
Third phalanx/P3

*= structure by synovial joints

45
Q

what are the structures that are by synovial joints that can be affected by a penetrating foot injury?

A

Digital flexor tendon sheath
Navicular bursa
Distal interphalangeal joint

46
Q

what is tendonitis?

A

inflammation of a tendon

47
Q

what is desmitis?

A

inflammation of a ligament

48
Q

what is the general rule for healing with tendonitis and desmitis?

A

one month for each letter
tendon = 6 months
ligament = 8 months

49
Q

what is each structure in the equine distal limb ultrasound?

A
50
Q

which is normal and abnormal? what is the disease?

A

superficial digital flexor tendonitis

51
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

hematoma

52
Q

what is the disease in this image?

A

deep digital flexor tendonitis

53
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

origin of suspensory ligament

54
Q

which tendon is lacerated in each image?

A
55
Q

what disease is this?

A

suspensory ligament desmitis

56
Q

what disease is this?

A

suspensory ligament desmitis

57
Q

which nerve block is being done?

A

Palmar/plantar digital nerve block (aka heel block)

58
Q

which nerve block is being done?

A

abaxial sesamoid nerve block

59
Q

which nerve block is being done?

A

low 4-point/ low palmar nerve block

60
Q

which nerve block is being done?

A

high 4-point/high palmar nerve block

61
Q

which block is being done?

A

distal interphalangeal joint/block

62
Q

which block is being done?

A

metocarpo-/-tarsophalangeal joint/block

63
Q

which block is being done?

A

radiocarpal joint/block

64
Q

which block is being done?

A

middle/intercarpal joint

Clinical Anatomy (11 decks)

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