Lecture 11: Small Animal Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Mesial
A
Towards the front of the mouth/midline
2
Q
What is buccal in oral terminology
A
Towards the cheek
3
Q
What is lingual in oral terminology
A
Towards the tongue
4
Q
What is labial in oral terminology
A
Towards the lips
5
Q
What is the deciduous canine dental formula
A
3 13/3 13 = 14
6
Q
What is the canine permanent dental formula
A
3 1 42/3 1 4 3= 21
7
Q
Total deciduous teeth in a dog
A
28
8
Q
Total permanent teeth in a dog
A
42
9
Q
When do the deciduous canine incisors erupt
A
4-6 weeks
10
Q
When does the deciduous canines canine erupt
A
5-6 weeks
11
Q
When do the deciduous premolars in canines erupt
A
6 weeks
12
Q
When do the permanent incisors in a canine erupt
A
3-5 months
13
Q
When do the permanent canines in a canine erupt
A
4-6 months
14
Q
When do the permanent canine premolars erupt
A
4-5 months
15
Q
When do the permanent canine molars erupt
A
5-7 months
16
Q
What are the carnassial teeth
A
Upper premolar 4 and lower first molar
17
Q
What is the feline deciduous dental formula
A
3 1 3/ 3 1 2=13
18
Q
What is the feline permanent dental formula
A
3 1 3 1/ 3 1 2 1
19
Q
Total deciduous teeth in cats
A
26
20
Q
Total permanent teeth in cats
A
30
21
Q
When do deciduous incisors erupt in cats
A
3-4 weeks
22
Q
When do deciduous canines erupt in cats
A
3-4 weeks
23
Q
When do deciduous premolars erupt in cats
A
6 weeks
24
Q
When do permanent incisors erupt in cats
A
3.5-5.5 months
25
When do permanent canines erupt in cats
5.5-6.5 months
26
When do permanent premolars erupt in cats
4-5 months
27
When do permanent molars erupt in cats
5-6 months
28
What foramen does the rostral maxillary block enter
Infraorbital
29
What is the rostral maxillary block
Injection at the infraorbital canal to block feeling from the distal aspect of the upper premolar 3 to midline of the maxilla
30
What tooth doth the rostral maxillary block numb from
upper pre molar 3
31
What is the caudal maxillary block
Injection behind the last molar to numb entire ipsilateral (same side) of the mouth to maxillary midline
32
What block would you want to give to numb entire half of maxilla
Caudal maxillary block
33
What foramen does the rostral mandibular block go through
Mental foramen
34
What is the rostral mandibular block
Numbers tissue from the mandibular second to third premolar rostral to the midline
35
The mental foramen lies ventral to the distal root of the mandibular ___
Second premolar
36
What nerve does the caudal mandibular block
Inferior alveolar
37
What is the caudal mandibular block
Block affects tissue from the third mandibular molar to midline
38
Which block is performed externally
Caudal mandibular block
39
what are two good landmarks for the caudal mandibular block
1. Lateral canthus of the eye
2. Where the mandible drops off/divets
40
What type of joint is the TMJ
Hinge joint
41
What two processes join at the TMJ
1. Condyloid process of the mandible
2. Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
42
Describe the correct vs incorrect placement of a nasogastric tube
Correct: ventromedial feeding of the tube to push up alar fold
Incorrect: dorsal feeding
43
What is the pharynx
Crossroads for the nasal cavity, oral cavity and airway
44
label 1-5
1. Cricoid arch
2. Corniculate process
3. Cuneiform process
4. Vocal folds
5. Epiglottis
45
What nerve is damaged in laryngeal paralysis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
46
What nerve innervates almost all muscles of the larynx
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
47
The recurrent laryngeal nerve branches off __
Vagus nerve
48
What is the surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis
Cricoarytenoid lateralization (tie back sx)
49
How can you test/diagnose laryngeal paralysis endoscopically
Stimulate breathing and circoarytenoid apparatus should move but with laryngeal paralysis it wont
50
What is the biggest risk of a tie back sx
Aspiration pneumonia
51
What 4 things contribute to brachycephalic upper airway syndrome
1. Stenosis nares
2. Elongated soft palate
3. Hypoplastic trachea
4. Everted laryngeal saccules
52
What are some treatment options for brachycephalic treatment
1. Nares res section
2. Palate surgery
53
what is wrong here
Everted laryngeal saccules
54
What causes everted laryngeal saccules
Chronic increased respiratory effort can evert the soft tissues between the vocal folds
55
How does a thyroid slip work
Extend neck, place thumb and index finger alongside trachea and move downwards towards sternum. If there is a slip that indicates an enlarged thyroid gland
56
How many parathyroid glands do animals have
2 external adn 2 internal
57
What do parathyroid glands produce
PTH to increase Ca2+
58
What does the carotid sheath contain
Carotid artery, jugular vein and vagus
59
Which salivary glands have a ductal opening in the mandible/sublingual regions
Mandibular and sublingual glands
60
Which salivary glands have ductal openings in the maxilla
Parotid and zygomatic
61
What is a salivary mucocele
Accumulation of saliva that has leaked from an injured salivary gland or salivary duct. Leaked saliva accumulates within the tissues of the mouth and neck resulting in soft swelling
62
What is a cervical mucocele
Swelling in the upper neck
63
What is a sublingual mucocele (aka Ranula)
Swelling in the mouth, below and alongside the tongue
64
What is a pharyngeal mucocele
Swelling in the pharynx
65
What is a zygomatic mucocele
Swelling in the cheek area of below the eye
66
What two veins need to be considered when removing the mandibular gland
Maxillary and lingofacial
67
What is the aural blood supply
Medial, lateral and intermediate auricular branches
68
How must sutures be placed during aural hematoma repairs
Parallel to the vessels to avoid avascular necrosis of the pinna
69
What is wrong here
Pharyngeal polyp
70
Pharyngeal polyps grow out of the ___
Middle ear
71
What are the two places pharyngeal polyps can go
Ear canal or oral cavity
72
Left is dog, right is cat. What is indicated by 1-2
1. External ear
2. Tympanic bulla
73
What is the arrow pointing at
tympanic bulla
74
what is wrong
Prolapsed third eyelid- cherry eye
75
CN I name
Olfactory
76
CN I function
Smell
77
How to test CN I
Offer food or treats
78
Abnormal findings of CN I
Ignores food multiple times
79
CN II name
Optic
80
CN II function
Vision
81
How to test CN II
Menace response, ability to follow moving objects, navigate maze
82
Abnormal findings in CN II
No blink during menace, does not notice of follow objects, bumps into things during maze
83
CN III name
Oculomotor
84
CN III function
Movement of globes and constriction of pupils
85
How to test CN III
PLR’s, oculocephalic reflex
86
Abnormal findings with CN III
Ventrolateral strabismus of globe, dilated pupil in affected eye is unresponsive to bright light
87
CN IV name
Trochlear
88
CN IV function
Medial rotation of the dorsal aspect of the globe
89
How to test CN VI
Observe normal position of globe in orbit
90
CN VI abnormal findings
Pupil and retinal vessels are deviated
91
CN V name
Trigeminal
92
CN V function
Proprioception and tactile innervation to the face, head, eyes and mouth. V3 does mastication muscles
93
How to test CN V
Touch nares, periorbital region, cheeks, jaw. Palpate temporalis and masseter muscles, open jaw and test muscular resistance, observe eating
94
Abnormal findings in CN V
Reduced or absent sensation over face and head when touched, atrophy of temporalis and masseter. Decreased jaw tone, dropped jaw, unable to close mouth with difficulty chewing or eating
95
CN VI name
Abducens
96
CN VI function
Lateral globe movement and retraction of globe
97
How to test CN VI
Observe normal positioning of globe in orbit, retraction of globe with elevated of third eyelid gland when corneal surface is touched
98
Abnormal findings in CN VI
Medial strabismus, globe is not retracted into orbit and third eyelid gland does not protrude
99
CN VII name
Facial
100
Function of CN VII
Motor to muscles of facial expression, sensory information from pinna, promotes salivation and lacrimation, transmit taste
101
How to test CN VII
Observe muscular facial symmetry and movement, sensation when pinna touched, measure lacrimation, blink during menace
102
Abnormal findings in CN VII
Facial drooping on one side of lips and ears, drooling from affected side, not able to blink
103
CN VIII name
Vestibulocochlear
104
CN VIII function
Hearing and balance
105
How to test CN VIII
Response to noise, horizontal and vertical eye movement
106
Abnormal findings of CN VIII
Deafness, head tilt, nystagmus
107
CN IX name
Glosspharyngeal
108
Function of CN IX
Motor and sensory information to the pharynx and larynx
109
How to test CN IX
Gag reflex
110
Abnormal findings of CN IX
Absent gag reflex, choking, swallowing difficulty
111
CN X name
Vagus
112
CN X function
Motor and sensory information to pharynx and larynx; PNS to thoracic and abdominal viscera
113
How to test CN X
Gag reflex, blood pressure and heart rate
114
Abnormal findings in CN X
Absent gag, choking, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, inspiratory dyspnea
115
CN XI name
Accessory
116
CN IX function
Motor innovation to shoulder muscles
117
How to test CN XI
Observe normal muscle mass and tone, symmetrical muscles
118
Abnormal findings in CN XI
Atrophy of muscle, weakness or difficulty turning neck
119
CN XII name
Hypoglossal
120
Function of CN XII
Motor to tongue
121
How to test CN XII
Observe tongue movement and eating
122
Abnormal findings in CN XII
Deviation of tongue towards side of tension
