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Basic ATC > Equipment And Systems > Flashcards

Equipment And Systems Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Reflection

A

Reflects of off areas

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2
Q

Refraction

A

Change of speed when an object is hit

Higher frequency, less refraction

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3
Q

Diffraction

A

Bending of waves

Higher frequency, less diffraction

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4
Q

Scattering

A

Splits into several beams

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5
Q

Emergency

A

121,5MHz

(UHF is 243MHz)

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6
Q

Wavelenght

A

Meter
Distance between two points of the same wave - such as two peaks
Greek symbol lambda

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7
Q

Amplitude

A

How high the wave is, the power of the wave

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8
Q

Frequency

A

Number of cycles per second
Measured in Hertz
Higher frequency = shorter wavelenghts

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9
Q

VHF band spectrum dedicated to aviation

A

117.975 - 137.000MHz

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10
Q

VHF Frequencies used in aviation

A

118.000 - 136.975MHz

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11
Q

VHF band for Aeronautical Radionavigation

A

108.000 - 117.975MHz

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12
Q

VDF

A

VHF Direction Finder
Ground based
To work the aircraft needs a radio

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13
Q

QDM

A

Magnetic heading to the station

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14
Q

QDR

A

Magnetic bearing from the station

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15
Q

Visual signalling

A

Aldis lamp
Green, white and red

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16
Q

Propagation

A

Sky waves
Ground waves
Line of sight - direct

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17
Q

ABI

A

Advanced Boundary Message

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18
Q

ACT

A

Activate message

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19
Q

REV

A

Revision message

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20
Q

LAM

A

Logical Acknowledgement Message
Verification that message has gone through

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21
Q

ROF

A

Request On Frequency

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22
Q

Airborne Safety nets

A

TCAS/ACAS
GPWS
EGPWS

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23
Q

Ground based safety nets

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A

STCA - Short Term Conflict Alert (2min warning time)
MSAW - Minimum Safe Altitude Warning
APW - Area Proximity Warning
APM - Approach Path Monitor

24
Q

What do you use to check satellite positions?

Study These Flashcards
A

Augmentation system

25
Frequency spaced with 8,33KHz
118.005 118.010 118.015 118.030 118.035 118.040 118.055 118.060 118.065 118.080 118.085 118.090
26
8,33KHz channel separation is only mandatory for flights above FL195
False
27
AFS
Aeronautical Fixed Service
28
Which methods can be used to pass instructions from ATCO’s to aircrafts?
CPDLC VHF UHF
29
Mode A
Identification
30
Mode C
Altitude Based on standard QNH 1013.25 • 100ft increments
31
Surveillance systems
ADS-B MLAT SSR
32
Attenuation
Signal losing power
33
Electromagnetic waves speed?
300 000km/sec or 300 000 000m/s
34
SELCAL - Selective Calling System
Requires unique code to be included in the FPL HF and VHF Oceanic
35
ACARS
Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System • Digital data link system for transmitting messages between aircraft and ground stations • Primarily used by airline operators to keep track of their own • VHF
36
Duplexer
Switching between receiving and transmitting
37
Simplex
One at a time communication
38
CPDLC
Controller Pilot Data Link Communication Communication via data link for ATC communication
39
SSR how it functions
Interrogator (antenna) sends out interrogation signal (1013MHz) and transponder in aircraft sends back transponder reply (1019MHz) (Binary, either on or off) Needs many interrogations and replies to produce a plot and if the replies are consistent the aircraft will show up on the surveillance screen
40
Squawk
4 digits only 0000-7777 Discrete mode A code allocated by the ATC
41
Garbling
One interrogation —> Several close replies If the aircrafts are within 1.7NM reply
42
Fruit
False Replies Un-synchronized In Time No interrogation —> Several replies Arises from replies not triggered by the interrogator. Asynchronous interference intended for another user
43
Direct angle reflection
Correct angle but change in slant range
44
Cross-Coupling
ATC transmitts on two or more frequencies at the same time Pilots will not hear other pilots on an other frequency tho but upon receipt on one frequency the reception is re-transmitted on other frequency. This to avoid pilots talking over eachother
45
Squawk VFR in uncontrolled airspace
7000 SPI- Squawk Ident
46
Squawk 1000
Mode S ”region” - individual registration
47
Squawk 2000
NOT USED IN ATC
48
Cone of silence
Area right above the radar antenna station
49
MSSR - Monopulse SSR
• Fewer pulses (3-8) to determine position. (Garbling and FRUIT reduced) • MSSR antenna divided inte left and right • Improved accuracy (azimuth resolution) • Requirement for Mode S • Can interrogate both Mode A/C and Mode S
50
Mode S transponders
Reg nummer like a car (6 digits, 0-9 and A-F)
51
Mode S interrogations
2 types: • Roll-call - selective interrogation • All-call - intention to acquire targets that are not already acquired
52
Mode S Surveillance
• Range and Azimuth measurement by MSSR • Automatic reporting of callsign • Altitude reporting in 25ft intervals • Flight status (airborne/on the ground) • Transponder capability report Stuff shown on label in sim • Ground speed • Magnetic heading • IAS and Mach number Etc
53
ADS-B
Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Uses GNSS to determine aircraft position. Broadcasts info about: • Identity • Current position • Altitude • Speed To all potential users with ADS-B capable transponders
54
MLAT - Multilateration WAM - Wide Area MLAT LAM - Local Area MLAT
Calculated surfaces of constant time differences • 4 sensors on the ground • TDOA - Time Difference Of Arrival measured • Central processor calculates the aircraft position
55
OLDI
Online Data Interchange Purpose to automate co-ordination and flight data info exchange between ATC units
56
Difference between AM and FM
AM - Longer reach but worse sound quality FN - Less reach but better sound quality Lower frequency is more prone to noise
57
Info provided by local information systems is normally NOT:
Surveillance data

Basic ATC (10 decks)

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