MET Flashcards
1
Q
FBL
A
Light - (METAR) (stands for Feeble)
2
Q
HVY
A
Heavy + (METAR)
3
Q
VC
A
Vicinity
4
Q
MI
A
Shallow
5
Q
BC
A
Patches
6
Q
PR
A
Partial
7
Q
DR
A
Drifting
8
Q
BL
A
Blowing
9
Q
SH
A
Showers
10
Q
TS
A
Thunderstorms
• Local storm produced by one or several CBs
• Can exist together with non-convective clouds (embedded)
11
Q
FZ
A
Freezing
12
Q
DZ
A
Drizzle
13
Q
RA
A
Rain
14
Q
SN
A
Snow
15
Q
SG
A
Snow Grains
16
Q
PL
A
Ice Pellets
17
Q
GR
A
Hail
18
Q
GS
A
Small hail or snow pellets
19
Q
BR
A
Mist
20
Q
FG
A
Fog
21
Q
FU
A
Smoke
22
Q
VA
A
Volcanic ash
23
Q
DU
A
Dust
24
Q
SA
A
Sand
25
HZ
Haze
Small dust particles
26
SQ
Squall
27
FC
Funnel cloud
28
PO
Dust/Sand whirls
29
DS
Dust storm
30
SS
Sandstorm
31
Low clouds
0-6500ft
Stratus, Stratocumulus, Cumulus
32
Middle clouds
6500-20 000ft
Altostratus, Altocumulus, Nimbostratus
33
High clouds
Over 20 000ft
Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus
34
TC or TCU
Towering Cumulus
35
CB
Cumulonimbus
• Strong possibility for icing
36
Tropopause height?
7-18km (22 000- 60 000ft)
depending on season and latitude
37
Dew point
100% Relative humidity
(Full saturation)
38
Strati form clouds
• Continuous precipitation
• Drizzle, rain, snow
• Steady intensity - light to moderate
• Smaller sized particles
39
Convective clouds
• Precipitation with larger sized particles
• Intermittent duration
• Varying intensity - moderate to heavy
• Showers rain/snow, hail
40
Virga clouds
Precipitation evaporating before reaching the ground
41
Cloud Base
The lowest height of the visible portion of the cloud
42
Cloud Ceiling
The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 20 000ft covering more than half (5 octas or more) of the sky
43
FEW
Few (1 to 2 octas)
44
SCT
Scattered (3 to 4 octas)
45
BKN
Broken (5 to 7 octas)
46
OVC
Overcast (8 octas)
47
VV
Vertical visibility (indefinite ceiling)
No base layer can be measured by electronic equipment
48
CAVOK
Ceiling and visibility OK
• Visibility 10km or more
• No CB or TC
• No cloud below 5000ft or Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA) (whichever is greater)
• No significant weather at or in the vicinity of the aerodrome (No SIGMET)
49
NSC
No significant clouds
50
NCD
No clouds detected
51
RE
Recent
52
Front
Boundary between two air masses with different characteristics
53
Frontline
Where boundary between two air masses passes over ground (like you see on weather maps)
54
Warm front
• Advancing warm air mass will slide on top of a colder denser air mass
• The inclination from the frontal surface is very low, extending 300-500NM from the surface to the tropopause
• Gradually lowering cloud base
• Continuous precipitation, risk of fog
• After front passage - gradual break up
• Layered clouds and reduced visibility
• Clouds associated: CI, CS, AS, NS, SC and ST
55
Cold front
• Cold air pushes under warm air
• Steep frontal surface
• Rapid lifting of warm air gives forced convection and showers
• Fast ground movement - passes quicker, gives drop in temperature and change in wind direction
• Fairly high cloud base and good visibility when no precipitation
56
Windshear
• Difference in wind speed and direction over a relatively short distance
• A microscale meteorological phenomenon occurring over a very small distance
• Especially dangerous close to the ground or terrain with limited manoeuvring speed and area
• An aircraft in turbulent conditions may experience extremely hazardous airspeed fluctuations, can displace an aircraft from it’s flight path
57
The mature stage of CB
• Maximum vertical extent
• Precipitation reaches ground
• Downdrafts occur below the cloud base
• Strong upward and downward motion in different parts of the cloud
• Strong and gusty winds, lightning, heavy rain/hail and even funnel clouds can occur
58
Fog and Mist
• Clouds touching the ground
• The cooling producing fog usually arises from radiation, advection or mixing
• Droplets form when air is cooled to dewpoint and becomes saturated
• Droplets of water are suspended into the air by upward motion
59
Fog visibility?
Less than 1000m
60
Mist visibility?
Between 1000-5000m
61
NOSIG
No Significant Change
62
METAR
Meteorological Aviation Routine Weather Report
• Weather in vicinity of aerodrome (16km radius)
• At half-hourly intervals, min 20 and 50
• If significant changes occur between two reports, a SPECI is created
63
Wind calm
00000KT
64
Strong wind
Ett P används
Ex: 170P99KT
65
WS
Windshear
66
TAF
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
• Period of validity: 9, 24 or 30h
• Amended forecast is issued if significant changes to expected conditions - TAF AMD
67
PROB
Probability, followed by 30 or 40 to indicate percentage of risk of the specified weather
68
SIGMET
Significant Meteorological Information
• En-route weather
• Valid no longer than 4h
• Refers to FIRs
69
CAT
Clear Air Turbulence
70
MTW VSP 600FPM
Mountain waves vertical speed 600 feet per minute
71
RVR
Runway Visual Range
• Reported if visibility or RVR is less than 1500m
• Normally measured by transmissometer or forward scatter meter but can be measured by human observer
• Generally measured at three parts of the runway: touchdown zone, mid point and stop end
72
Ceilometer
Measures cloud ceiling or base
(Before the runway)
73
R01R/P2000
RVR Runway 01R more than 2000m
74
Measure humidity
Hygrometer
75
Measure pressure
Barometer
76
Occluded front
Cold front catching up to a warm front
77
How are wind patterns in the northern hemisphere around a low pressure?
Counter-clockwise along the isobars
78
Trough
Elongated part of the low pressure area
79
Ridge
Elongated part of the high pressure area
80
Col
A region of lower air pressure between two high pressure areas
81
Cloud most likely to produce freezing rain
Nimbostratus
82
Adiabatic cooling or heating
Temp change of air due to compression or expansion with no external heat transfer
83
Latent heat
Heat released or absorbed during the change of state of e.g. water
84
ISA - International Standard Atmosphere
MSL pressure: 1013.25 hPa
Base temp: 15 celsius
Density: 1.225 kg/m^3
No water vapour
