Equity Exam Review:)

Question 1

What are the Seven Grandfather Teachings?

Answer 1

• Wisdom (Nibwaakaawin): Decide what is right and wrong. Think before you act.
• Love (Zaagi’idiwin): Care for others without expecting anything in return.
• Respect (Manaaji’iwewin): Show kindness to everyone and everything.
• Bravery (Zoongide’ewin): Do what is right, even if it is hard.
• Honesty (Gwayakowaadiziwin): Be true to yourself and others.
• Humility (Dibaadendizowin): Remember, you are important, but no more than anyone else.
• Truth (Debwewin): Always live and always speak honestly.

Question 2

What is Social Constructionism?

Answer 2

Means that things that we see as “natural“ are actually created by society. Ideas like gender, race, and social norms exist because people agreed upon them over time, not because they naturally fixed.

Question 3

What is Deconstruction?

Answer 3

Means breaking down ideas, beliefs, and systems to understand how they have been created and how they may reinforce inequality. It helps challenge assumptions and helps uncover hidden biases in languages, laws, and social norms to promote fairness and change.

Question 4

What is the Feminist Theory?

Answer 4

Focuses on gender inequality and oppression (Feminist theory often focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes often explored in feminist theory include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy, stereotyping, art history and contemporary art, and aesthetics).

Question 5

What is the Post Colonial Theory?

Answer 5

Analyzes the lasting effects of European colonial rule on modern society.

Question 6

What is the Critical Disability Theory?

Answer 6

Views disability as a social and political issue rather than just a medical condition.
- Seeks to empower disabled individuals by challenging systemic barriers.

Question 7

What is the Post Modernist Theory?

Answer 7

Says there is no single truth or right way to see fairness. Powerful groups create big stories, called meta-narratives, to control what people think is true or normal. This theory believes we should understand each community in its own way, not by using one group’s values or ideas.

Question 8

What is the Anti-Oppression Theory?

Answer 8

It works to stop unfair treatment in systems, institutions, and personal lives like racism, sexism, and ableism. This is what it aims to fix: understanding how different types of unfair treatment connects, knowing that marginalized groups may believe unfair truths, and encouraging privileged groups to challenge unfair systems and their own privilege.

Question 9

What is the Bystander Effect?

Answer 9

The bystander effect (bystander apathy) is a psychological phenomenon that shows the larger the group of bystanders is, the less likely that any individual will step up and take responsibility.

Question 10

What is the Human Rights Legislation?

Answer 10

Protects people from discrimination by offering solutions like compensation or behavior change, rather than punishment, to prevent unfair treatment.

Question 11

What is Inquiry Research?

Answer 11

Involves investigating social issues, answering questions, and gathering information to understand and address inequalities and injustices.

Question 12

What is Indigenous Knowledge?

Answer 12

Indigenous Knowledge refers to diverse knowledge systems of Indigenous Peoples, shaped by their cultures, languages, histories, values, and governance.

Question 13

What is the Critical Race Theory?

Answer 13

Argues that race is a social construct used to maintain inequality.
- Developed in the 1970s.
- Examines how laws and institutions perpetuate racial discrimination.

Question 14

What are some Factors Affecting Social Justice?

Answer 14

Elements like race, gender, class, disability, and culture affect how people experience fairness, opportunities, and rights.

Question 15

What is the Power of Language?

Answer 15

Languages shape perceptions, reinforce stereotypes, and influences social norms, either supporting or challenging injustice.

Question 16

What are Voluntary Diversity Codes?

Answer 16

Guidelines that media companies can choose to follow to improve how they represent different groups (e.g., race, gender, disability) fairly and respectfully on TV and radio.

Question 17

What is the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunication Commission?

Answer 17

A government agency that regulates broadcasting and communication in Canada. It makes sure media serves the public interest and promotes Canadian content and diversity.

Question 18

What is the Canadian Association of Broadcasters?

Answer 18

A national group that represents private broadcasters in Canada. It helps set industry standards, including on how to reflect diversity and avoid stereotypes.

Question 19

What is the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council?

Answer 19

An independent group that reviews complaints from the public about what is shown or said on TV and radio in Canada. It ensures broadcasters follow ethical and respectful content guidelines.

Question 20

What is Supportive/ Unsupportive Language?

Answer 20

• Supportive: Words or messages that respect, include, and uplift people, especially those from marginalized groups (e.g., using correct pronouns, avoiding stereotypes).
• Unsupportive: Language that excludes, disrespects, or harms others—often by using stereotypes, slurs, or ignoring someone’s identity or lived experience.

Question 21

What are Barriers to Political Participation?

Answer 21

Obstacles that make it harder for some people to get involved in politics. These can include poverty, racism, lack of access, language barriers, or feeling like their voice won’t matter.

Question 22

What is the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

Answer 22

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Canadian Constitution that guarantees basic rights and freedoms to all Canadians.
- It outlines fundamental rights like freedom of expression, religion, assembly, and equality, ensuring these freedoms are protected from government and other actions.

Question 23

What is Prejudice?

Answer 23

Judging someone unfairly based on things like race, gender, religion, or ability without reason or before getting to know them.

Question 24

What is Privilege?

Answer 24

Unearned advantages some people have just because of their identity (like race, gender, or wealth) that others may not get.

Question 25

What is the Matrix of Oppression?

Answer 25

A way to understand how different forms of discrimination (like racism, sexism, and classism) all are connected and can overlap to affect people’s lives.

Question 26

What is Intersectionality?

Answer 26

The idea that people can face multiple forms of discrimination at the same time (like a Black woman facing both racism and sexism). These identities combine and shape their experience.

Question 27

What are Microaggressions?

Answer 27

Small comments or actions that may seem harmless but actually insult, exclude, or stereotype people (e.g., “You speak English so well” to someone who was born here).

Question 28

What is Personal/Social Responsibility?

Answer 28

Taking action to treat others fairly and speak out against injustice, both in your own choices (personal) and in your community or society (social).

Question 29

What is Equity? What is Equality?

Answer 29

- Equity: Treating people differently, each according to their needs, to achieve equal outcomes. - Equality: Treating everyone exactly the same.

Question 30

What is Social Justice?

Answer 30

Social justice is a movement identifying and addressing societal injustices. It seeks to change political, economic, and social structures that sustain oppression (Racism, Patriarchy, Capitalism).

Question 31

What is Socialization?

Answer 31

The process of interacting with people and learning from those interactions. For instance, societal norms, values, and behaviors.

Question 32

What is Attitude?

Answer 32

Attitude is a way of thinking. Your attitude often affects your thinking. (ex. Some communities feel men and women should act a certain way; this is an attitude about gender.

Question 33

What are Beliefs?

Answer 33

Ideas or convictions that a person accepts as true, which guide their thinking, behavior, and decisions.

Question 34

What are Values?

Answer 34

Values are principles or beliefs that guide decision-making and behaviors.

Question 35

What is Social Activism?

Answer 35

Social activism is social change that happens when people take action against social injustices as it can occur through protests, policy change, awareness campaigns, and education. - Social media can also play a part as it helps spread awareness, helps connect activists globally, and mobilize support for causes. Youth today can amplify their voices and advocate for change.

Question 36

What is Discrimination?

Answer 36

1. Discrimination: Unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or a group, often based on factors like age, sex, ability, ethnicity, gender, etc. 2. Systemic Discrimination: Discrimination that is embedded in laws, institutions, and policies, making it a part of the system’s culture. Often seen as “normal” or “the ways things are done.”

Question 37

What is Cultural Relativism?

Answer 37

That no culture is superior or inferior; all cultures should be understood within their own context. However, oppressive power structures influence cultural dominance.

Question 38

What are Hegemonic Beliefs?

Answer 38

Ideas or values that are accepted as normal or dominant, often benefiting powerful groups.

Question 39

What is Individual/Social Responsibility?

Answer 39

The idea that individuals and society have the duty to promote fairness, equality, and well-being for all.

Question 40

What is Culture?

Answer 40

The shared customs, traditions, beliefs, and social behaviors of a group or society.

Question 41

What is Woke or Wokeness?

Answer 41

A state of being aware of social injustices and actively engaging to address them.

Question 42

What is Political Correctness (PC)?

Answer 42

A practice of avoiding languages, actions, or policies that marginalize or discriminate against a disadvantaged group. - This originated from the Marxist-Leninist ideology that enforces people to be aligned with the ruling party’s belief.

Question 43

What is Poverty?

Answer 43

The condition of not having enough money or resources for necessities like food, shelter, healthcare, etc.

Question 44

What is Racism?

Answer 44

The belief that some races are superior than others, often leading to discrimination and mistreatment.

Question 45

What are Environmental Issues?

Answer 45

Issues that impact the natural world like climate change and pollution.

Question 46

What is Social Stratification?

Answer 46

The division of society into different levels based on power, status, and wealth, often leading to inequality.

Question 47

What are Stereotypes?

Answer 47

Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group of people that often lead to unfair assumptions (e.g., “all teenagers are lazy”).

Question 48

What is Media Bias?

Answer 48

When media outlets present news in a way that favors one side, opinion, or group, which can shape how people see an issue unfairly.

Question 49

What is the Ice Bucket Challenge?

Answer 49

A viral online challenge where people dumped ice water on themselves to raise awareness and money for ALS; showed how social media can be used for good causes.

Question 50

What is Arab Spring?

Answer 50

A wave of protests and uprisings across the Middle East and North Africa around 2010, where citizens demanded more freedom, rights, and an end to corruption (occured from Decemeber 17, 2010 till Decemeber of 2012).

Question 51

What is Me Too?

Answer 51

A global movement where people, especially women, spoke out against sexual harassment and assault, calling for justice and change in workplace and social settings.

Question 52

What is Black Lives Matter?

Answer 52

A movement that began in response to police violence and systemic racism toward Black people, demanding justice, accountability, and equal treatment.

Question 53

What is Love Wins?

Answer 53

A slogan symbolizing the fight for LGBTQ+ rights, especially after the legalization of same-sex marriage; it represents equality, love, and acceptance. - It emerged after the Catholic Church's statement that God "cannot bless sin". - The Supreme Court's decision in 2015 guranteed the right to same-sex marriage.

Question 54

What is Occupy Wall Street?

Answer 54

A protest movement against economic inequality, corporate greed, and the power of the "1%"; it called for fairer economic systems. - It began on September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Financial District, and lasted for fifty-nine days.

Question 55

What is Slang?

Answer 55

Informal, often trendy language used by certain groups (like teens or communities), which can express identity or belonging.

Question 56

What is Textese?

Answer 56

Abbreviated or casual language used in texting and social media (like “LOL,” “brb”); shows how communication has changed with technology.

Question 57

What is Class?

Answer 57

A person’s social or economic position in society (working class, middle class, upper class), which affects access to resources and opportunities.

Question 58

What is Ethnicity?

Answer 58

A person’s cultural group, based on shared language, traditions, ancestry, or religion; different from race.

Question 59

What is Identity?

Answer 59

A combination of traits (like race, gender, culture, beliefs) that make up who a person is and how they see themselves or are seen by others.

Question 60

Who is Karl Marx (Conflict Theory)?

Answer 60

Marx believed that society’s problems are shaped by ongoing struggles between different groups, mainly between rich and poor. Believed that inequality = conflict, and this drives social change (ex. new policies).

Question 61

Who is Gayatri Spivak?

Answer 61

Known for the idea of the “subaltern” (people whose voices are silenced by power); focused on colonialism, feminism, and giving voice to the oppressed.

Question 62

Peggy McIntosh?

Answer 62

Privilege is like an invisible backpack of unfair advantages that some people have without realizing it.

Question 63

Edward Said?

Answer 63

Created the concept of Orientalism—how Western media often stereotypes the East as exotic or backwards; focused on colonialism and representation.

Question 64

Bill Moyer?

Answer 64

Social activist who created a model for how people can create long-term change through nonviolent protest and grassroots movements.

Question 65

Dianne Potheir?

Answer 65

A Canadian scholar who focused on disability rights and how laws and policies often exclude people with disabilities.

Question 66

Judith Butler?

Answer 66

Known for ideas on gender; said gender is performed (not fixed) and that society creates roles based on what it expects from men and women.

Question 67

George Dei?

Answer 67

A Canadian educator who promotes inclusive education, especially for Black and marginalized students; focused on anti-racism in schools.

Question 68

Black Elks?

Answer 68

A Lakota spiritual leader whose teachings share Indigenous wisdom; emphasized connection to land, community, and spiritual justice.

Question 69

Audre Lorde?

Answer 69

Black lesbian feminist writer who spoke about how people with multiple identities (like being Black and lesbian) face unique struggles and shouldn’t have to choose just one part of who they are.

Question 70

Jean Francois Lyotard?

Answer 70

Argued there’s no single truth about society. He rejected the idea of one big story (like constant progress) and believed people have many different truths and viewpoints that deserve recognition.

Question 71

Wade Davis?

Answer 71

A cultural anthropologist who believes that every culture has wisdom, especially Indigenous ones. He teaches that we can better understand humanity by respecting and learning from diverse cultural traditions.

Question 72

Kimberle Crenshaw?

Answer 72

She created intersectionality, showing how race and gender discrimination overlap, especially for women of color, and said the law should address both together.

Question 73

Richard Devlin?

Answer 73

A Canadian legal scholar who examines how race and law interact; pushes for greater fairness and inclusion in legal systems.

Question 74

Malala Yousafzai?

Answer 74

Pakistani activist for girls’ education who survived being shot by the Taliban; youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner.

Question 75

Bell Hooks?

Answer 75

Wrote about love, feminism, race, and education; believed that justice starts in the classroom and in how we treat each other daily.

Question 76

Michael Foucault?

Answer 76

Believed that systems like schools, prisons, and hospitals use labels and rules to control people. He showed how power works through these institutions to shape behavior and limit freedom.

Question 77

Derrick Bell?

Answer 77

Founder of Critical Race Theory; believed racism is built into laws and systems—not just individual attitudes.

Question 78

James Charlton?

Answer 78

Focused on disability rights and how society disables people more than their actual conditions do; supported empowerment and inclusion.

Question 79

Jacques Derrida?

Answer 79

Believed that language is full of hidden meanings. He wanted people to look closely at words and ideas to uncover contradictions and challenge what’s normally accepted.