ERA 3 (Unit 6) Flashcards
What demographic shift was inspired by industrialization?
Many people migrated to cities seeking work, thereby increasing urbanization.
How did world power shift during the Industrial Revolution?
The wealth and power of industrial nations grew larger than those who did not industrialize. The balance of power in the world shifted to those who industrialized
How did industrialization lead to imperialism, or the desire for more colonies?
Industrialized nations were seeking raw materials for their factories. Industrialized states felt superior to those who hadn’t industrialized. Because most of these places were not in Europe part of this was white superiority based in racist ideology that began with the 15th century trans-Atlantic slave trade.
What was Social Darwinism? How was it used to justify imperialism?
Based on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, it was the belief that the strong always defeat the weak. Therefore, powerful nations should defeat weaker ones just as the rich can dominate the poor. It was believed to be natural.
What was nationalism and what was its connection to imperialism?
Nationalism was immense pride in nation based on a common identity. Sometimes it is built at the expense of others. Building a large empire was a way of building nationalism, as was done by Britain, France and Japan.
What economic motives led to the continuation of imperialism?
Imperialism led to great wealth, so European nations kept expanding their holdings in Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
How did imperialism expand European control over African lands?
Instead of trading post empires a “scramble for Africa” began. The British took control of Egypt in order to create the Suez Canal for a quicker route to the Indian Ocean. The French established settler colonies in Algeria in North Africa.
What was the Berlin Conference?
Due to tensions between European powers over claimed lands in Africa in European leaders gathered in Berlin in 1884-1885 to decide which African lands each would claim without fighting. Africans were not invited, but nearly the entire continent was divided up and claimed by Europeans.
How did India come to be controlled by the British?
The British had long had trading posts in India, but as the Mughal Empire weakened they claimed more and more land until most of India was under British control.
Who came to dominate much of Southeast Asia?
The Dutch
How did Japan join European states as a colonizing power?
In order to avoid being colonized themselves, the Japanese enacted a series of reforms under the Meiji Restoration. These reforms including adopting western industrialization and becoming a colonizing power.
What did imperialism look like in China?
Europeans did not want direct control over China. They wanted to control trade rights in China, which is a form of economic imperialism. Through a series of wars called the Opium Wars and the Treaty of Nanjing, the British, and then other European powers, gained the power to control Chinese policy. They also carved out parts of China for themselves called Spheres of Influence where they had exclusive trading rights.
How did the experience of being colonized increase nationalism in some places?
Many were outraged at the actions of Europeans and banded together to organize resistance and to create new states.
What is an example of a new state being formed by those who had been conquered by a foreign power?
Partly inspired by the French Revolution,Serbians and Greeks in the Balkans rose up against Ottoman power and established their own states in 1815 and 1832, respectively.
What are some examples oforganized resistance against imperialism in America
The Cherokee tried to push back against US claims on American Indian lands in the Supreme Court, but President Andrew Jackson removed them from their lands and forced them further west in the Trailof Tears. In the northwest, American Indians began a practice called the Ghost Dance to try to get rid of those of European descent. They believed that by doing this dance their ancestors spirits would rise up and kick out the white population. This eventually led to the conflict at Wounded Knee where the Sioux Indians were crushed by the US government ending the Indian Wars.
