Eradicated Diseases

Question 1

World wide vaccination of smallpox

Answer 1

1967

Question 2

Types of small pox (variola)

Answer 2

Minor
Major
Hemmorrhagic (100%)
Malignant

Question 3

Smallpox genome

Answer 3

Double stranded linear DNA
Enveloped
has DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 4

Smallpox genome shape

Answer 4

Dumbbell shaped

Question 5

Transmission of small pox

Answer 5

Air droplets
Contact with rash or scab
contact with fomites

Question 6

How does smallpox enter host cells?

Answer 6

Uses Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to attach to respiratory cells
Envelope fuses with cell membrane
Core of virus released into cytoplasm where DNA replication and transcription take place

Question 7

Smallpox family

Answer 7

Poxviridae

Question 8

Vaccinia

Answer 8

form of cowpox virus that has been used as live viral vaccine against smallpox

Question 9

Smallpox site of replication

Answer 9

host cytoplasm so must have own enzymes for DNA and mRNA synthesis

Question 10

Guarnieri inclusion bodies

Answer 10

What smallpox virions are assembled into

Question 11

Discoverer of smallpox

Answer 11

Edward Jenner

Question 12

Smallpox symptoms

Answer 12

Begins with fever, malaise, chills

Synchronized maculupapular rash

Question 13

Smallpox incubation

Answer 13

2 weeks then symptoms start rapidly

Question 14

Smallpox diagnoses

Answer 14

Clinical presentation

PCR

Question 15

Smallpox treatment

Answer 15

Vaccine–done in 1980
Methisazone
Cidofovir

Question 16

Methisazone or Cidofovir

Answer 16

may work as prophylaxis against smallpox infection

Question 17

Poliovirus symptoms

Answer 17

Flaccid paralysis

Question 18

Poliovirus transmission

Answer 18

Fecal to oral

poor sanitation and crowded cities

Question 19

Polio family

Answer 19

Picornaviridae

Question 20

Polio genome

Answer 20

nonenveloped

ss + RNA

Question 21

Does polio damage cells or is it immune mediated?

Answer 21

Polio is cytolytic so it causes direct damage to infected cells

Question 22

4 types of polio infection results

Answer 22

Asymptomatic
Abortive
Nonparalytic
Paralytic

Question 23

Asymptomatic

Answer 23

Virus only replicates in GI Tract
90% of case
competent immune system keeps at bay with antibody production

Question 24

Abortive polio

Answer 24

5% of individuals

get first part of infection: malaise, vomiting, fever, sore throat, headache

Question 25

Nonparalytic polio

Answer 25

2% viremia to brain and meninges stiff neck, vomiting, aseptic meningitis

Question 26

Polio diagnoses

Answer 26

Clinical presentation Throat and rectal swabs: takes 1 week to culture and see effects RT-PCR on tissues and body fluid

Question 27

Polio prevention

Answer 27

Inactivated vaccine: can shed and cause polio in others | Oral vaccine: live attenuated, induces humoral immunity, polio can still replicate in GI tract

Question 28

HIV symptoms

Answer 28

``` Weight loss Diarrhead Sore throat Swollen lymph nodes Illnesses that a healthy immune system could prevent ```

Question 29

HIV types

Answer 29

HIV-1: more infective, major cause | HIV-2: poor capacity for transmission

Question 30

HIV Transmission

Answer 30

``` Unpredected sex sharing of needles mother to child blood transfusion organ transplant ```

Question 31

HIV genome

Answer 31

enveloped | two copies of + single strand RNA

Question 32

What cells does HIV infect?

Answer 32

First infects macrophages but travels to the lymph nodes where CD4 T cells are infected

Question 33

HIV diagnoses

Answer 33

Serological diagnoses by ELISA testing | When positive, confirmed by Western blot

Question 34

Why is an HIV vaccine difficult?

Answer 34

The lipid envelope has glycoproteins that undergo antigenic variation

Question 35

HAART

Answer 35

highly active antiretroviral therapy | uses a combination of antiviral drugs

Question 36

HIV treatment

Answer 36

HAART uses reverse transcriptase inhibitors and viral protease enzyme inhibitors

Question 37

What test is best predicative of HIV prognosis in the long run? Short run?

Answer 37

long run: viral load (amount of HIV in blood) | short run: CD4 lymphocytes count

Question 38

Most common severe ocular complication of AIDS

Answer 38

CMV retinitis caused by the herpes virus CMV

Question 39

Ebola family

Answer 39

filoviridae

Question 40

5 ebola strains

Answer 40

``` Zaire Sudan Tai Forest Bundibugyo Reston ```

Question 41

Ebola diagnoses

Answer 41

Postive for virus antigen via RT-PCR or by IgM antibodies

Question 42

Ebola transmission

Answer 42

blood aerosols semen

Question 43

Ebola symptoms

Answer 43

``` fever sore throat severe headache muscle pain vomiting diarrhea impared liver and kidney function ```

Question 44

How does ebola disrupt innate immune response

Answer 44

Disables IFN 1 and 2 so antiviral state can't be induced and NK cells can't be activated

Question 45

What does ebola do to dendritic cells

Answer 45

prevents them from maturing and making cytokines. They can't activate T-cells for the adaptive immune response to take place

Question 46

Ebola treatment

Answer 46

supplemental IFN | introducing GP1,2