Skin and gastro cases

Question 1

Common symptoms of rotavirus

Answer 1

abrupt vomiting
watery diarrhea
abdominal pain 
fever
tachycardia
gastroenteritis

Question 2

Prevalence of rotavirus

Answer 2

tends to be in children 2-3 years old, outbreaks common in daycare and hospitals, adults usually have few symptoms

Question 3

Transmission of rotavirus

Answer 3

spread through fecal oral contact, fomite transmission can occur

Question 4

Rotavirus pathology

Answer 4

double stranded negative sense RNA

nonenveloped

Question 5

Diagnoses of rotavirus

Answer 5

Detection of viral antigens in stool samples

Question 6

Prognosis of rotavirus

Answer 6

self-limiting, symptoms last for one week while viral excretions may be longer

Question 7

Treatment for rotavirus

Answer 7

supportive care to replace fluids and electrolytes

new vaccine only prevents some serotypes

Question 8

HPV humanpapillomavirus symptoms

Answer 8

warts flat or raised
itchiness or dryness
can be asymptomatic

Question 9

Who is more at risk for severe HPV infections?

Answer 9

immunosuppressed and smoking increase risk for carcinomas. Types 16 and 18 are cancerous.

Question 10

HPV Transmission

Answer 10

person to person by direct contact
sexual intercourse
delivery through birth canal
fomites

Question 11

HPV Characteristics

Answer 11

Nonenveloped
circular double stranded DNA
infects squamous epithelium and skin of mucous membrane

Question 12

HPV Diagnoses

Answer 12

Pap smear

clinical presentation of warts

Question 13

HPV treatment

Answer 13

physical removal of lesions by freezing, burning, etc.

Gardasil vaccine

Question 14

Parvovirus 19 symptoms (fifth disease)

Answer 14

Children: slapped cheek rash that starts on cheeks and spreads to extremities (no vesicles); fever; mild sore throat, fatigue; negative streptococcal antigen test
Adults: Polyarthritis in hands, knees, and ankles

Question 15

Parvovirus Prevalance

Answer 15

children
late winter to early spring
teachers at high risk

Question 16

Parvovirus severe symptoms

Answer 16

Profound anemia can occur in those with sickle cell anemia

seronegative mothers can lose fetus

Question 17

Parvovirus transmission

Answer 17

Person to person by respiratory and oral secretions

spread through blood and plasma donors

Question 18

Parvovirus characteristics

Answer 18

linear s.s. DNA

nonenveloped

Question 19

Parvovirus pathology

Answer 19

replicates in nasopharynx then spreads to bone marrow; causes lytic infection in active erythroid precursor cells

Question 20

Parvovirus diagnoses

Answer 20

Clinical presentation

Detection of viral dna via PCR

Question 21

Parvovirus prognosis

Answer 21

Initial stage lasts ~1 week and causes flu like symptoms

second stage is immune mediated and a rash forms

Question 22

Parvovirus treatment

Answer 22

supportive care: ibuprofen for fever

intravenous immunoglobulin for patients suffering from pure red cell aplasia

Question 23

Parvovirus prevention

Answer 23

isolation of infected

wash hands

Question 24

Hepatitis that lacks lipid envelope

Answer 24

hep A

Question 25

hepatitis that has lipid envelope

Answer 25

Hep B and Hep C

Question 26

HCV symptoms

Answer 26

``` loss of appetite jaundice fatigue mild fever joint pains nausea, vomitting dark urine ```

Question 27

Family of Hepatitis C

Answer 27

flaviviridae

Question 28

Hep C characteristics

Answer 28

enveloped | RNA + virus ss

Question 29

HCV transmission

Answer 29

travels through blood until it reaches hepatocytes | obtain through transfusions, injection drug use, IV drug use

Question 30

HCV pathology

Answer 30

Virus enters hepatocytes, uncoats, and releases genome used for translation of RNA into single polyprotein Hepatocytes are damaged predominantly by hosts immune response

Question 31

HCV Diagnoses

Answer 31

Presence of IgG hepatitis antibodies (detects only chronic HCV) If positve, go to step 2 Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests quantify the amount of circulating HCV RNA If positive do genotype testing

Question 32

What levels will be altered in HCV?

Answer 32

High PT-INR clotting factors low albumen levels low platelet count high alphafetoproteins which indicate regeneration of liver cells

Question 33

HCV treatment

Answer 33

Antivirals like pegylated interferon alpha, ribavirin, boceprevir, and telaprevir Liver transplant at end stage No vaccine for HCV

Question 34

Hep A family

Answer 34

Picornaviridae