Respiratory cases

Question 1

RSV characteristics

Answer 1

enveloped

single stranded negative RNA

Question 2

RSV prevalence

Answer 2

affects all ages
more severe symptoms in infants and young children and immunocpromised
occurs late october to early Jan

Question 3

RSV symptoms

Answer 3

Runny nose
dry cough
fever less than 102
sore throat
mild headache
nasal flaring
low oxygen saturation 
tachycardia
hyperaeration: no infiltrates

Question 4

RSV Severe symptoms

Answer 4

fever 102-104
cough dry bark like
tachypnea
cyanosis
retractions (rib and neck area sinks in)
wheezing
rales
bronchiolitis (inflammation and plugging)

Question 5

RSV transmission

Answer 5

Respiratory droplets

can stay on fomites 3-30 hours

Question 6

RSV Diagnosis

Answer 6

Elisa on nasal secretions (low specificity)
definitively through viral genome or antigen detection
nasal washings have virus for PCR

Question 7

RSV Prognosis

Answer 7

mortality is high in infants with reduced immune function

usually runs course in 10-14 days

Question 8

RSV treatment

Answer 8

Ribavirin is an antiviral approved for use via aerosolization in high risk infants
supportive care: oxygenationm; IV; nebulized cold stream

Question 9

Mumps symptoms

Answer 9

SWELLING OF THE PAROTID
low fever
malaise
onset of ear pain
opening of mouth painful
reddened skin
NEVER VACCINATED

Question 10

Family of mumps

Answer 10

paramyxoviridae

Question 11

Mumps characteristics

Answer 11

enveloped

single stranded negative RNA

Question 12

Mumps transmission

Answer 12

respiratory droplets, saliva, or fomites

incubation 16-18 days before symptoms strat

Question 13

Mumps epidemiology

Answer 13

establishes in the respiratory tract then goes through the stensen duct to the parotid glands and from there it can become viremic

Question 14

Mumps complications

Answer 14

ovary or testes inflammation
meningitis
pancreatitis
deafness

Question 15

Mumps diagnoses

Answer 15

normally by clinical presentation and lack of MMR
can detect viral antigen
furfold rise in mumps specific IgM or IgG antibody in patients serum
synctia and cell rounding may be observed in culture
viral antigen detection via immunofluorescence

Question 16

Mump treatment

Answer 16

usually self limiting
resolves in 2-3 weeeks
rest, fluids, pain killers

Question 17

Adenovirus symptoms

Answer 17

CONJUNCTIVITIS
head cold with runny nose
exudative pharyngitis (white spots on tonsils)
cervial adenitis
gastroenteritis
high fever

Question 18

Adenovirus characteristics

Answer 18

nonenveloped

linear double stranded DNA

Question 19

Adenovirus transmission

Answer 19

person to person via respiratory droplets, 
close contact,
 fecal oral route, 
fomite transmission, 
waterborne transmission

Question 20

Adenovirus diagnosis

Answer 20

typically made on clinical presentation

cell culture, elisa, pcr, dna probe can detect viral type in clinical samples and tissue culture

Question 21

Adenovirus treatment

Answer 21

no treatment
just treat symptoms
military has oral vaccines for types 4 and 7

Question 22

How does adenovirus infect cells?

Answer 22

Viral attachment proteins on the end of fibers bind to a receptor (coxsackie adenovirus receptor). the virus is internalized where the fibers are released that disrupt the endosome by poking holes in it. The virus escapes and goes to the nucleus to affect gene expression.

Question 23

What yielded a positive results for influenza?

Answer 23

DFA test of nasopharyngeal wash with monoclonal antibody directed agasint seasonal flu virus

Question 24

Flu symptoms

Answer 24

Fever
Sudden onset
Chills
Muscle aches
cough

Question 25

Influenza properties

Answer 25

``` Single stranded (-) RNA enveloped ```

Question 26

Hemagglutinin

Answer 26

H antigen | Influenza uses it to attach

Question 27

Neuraminidase

Answer 27

N antiegne | serves to sever the virus as it buds from the plasma membrane or from mucus

Question 28

Human influence type As

Answer 28

H1N1 | H3N2

Question 29

How many Ns

Answer 29

9

Question 30

How many Hs

Answer 30

15

Question 31

Influenza incubation

Answer 31

48-72 hours

Question 32

How does influenza gain access to the cell?

Answer 32

Penetrates respiratory epithelial cells in the trachea and bronchi Binds to sialic acid receptors Neuraminidase degrades protective mucus viral envelope fuses to the cells plasma membrane

Question 33

What causes the symptoms of influenza?

Answer 33

cytokines liberated from damaged inflitrating leukocytes

Question 34

Influenza treatment for type A

Answer 34

amantadine or rimantadine | given within 48 hours of onset

Question 35

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 35

zanamivir oseltamirvir work against type A and b

Question 36

RSV fmaily

Answer 36

Paramyxoviridae

Question 37

Bronchiolitis

Answer 37

caused from RSV inflammation of the bronchioles of the lungs prevent in children due to smaller airways

Question 38

2 viral envelope glycoprotiens involved in attachment

Answer 38

hemagglutinin-neurominidase | membrane fusion protein

Question 39

Adenovirus viral capside

Answer 39

icosadeltahdral structure

Question 40

Tissues that adenovirus infects

Answer 40

Respiratory tract Conjunctiva enteric organs

Question 41

Can adenovirus go latent/

Answer 41

Yes, in lymphoid tissues when DNA integrates into the host genome

Question 42

Can adenovirus cause viremia?

Answer 42

Yes, in immunosuppresed patients it can spread to the kidney, bladder, liver, and lymphoid tissue.

Question 43

Adenovirus prevention

Answer 43

hand washing careful hygeine isolation of infected individuals