eradication

Question 1

rosy periwinkle climate

Answer 1

warm topical, acidic and well drained soils

Question 2

uses of periwinkle previously

Answer 2

wasp stings in india and diabetes in india

Question 3

discoveries in 1960s

Answer 3

70 alkaloids with several having medical value. vincristine and vinblastine. vincristine treatment for child leukaemia, increased survival rates from 10% in 1970 to 90% today.

Question 4

conservation issues of medicine

Answer 4

mainly from wild populations, limited amounts. 80% of people rely on traditional medicines, in short supply. TCM, unsustainable due to over harvesting threatening extinction. 4000 plants are threatened and 14 are accutely endangered. e.g. yew use for anti cancer

Question 5

habitats risks

Answer 5

TRF, 70% of terrestrial plant species, no more than 1% screened for medical use. 325km/day deforested. one potential major drug lost every 2 years.

Question 6

Samoa

Answer 6

1980s prostialin discovered as a treatment for HIV, profits are returned to Samoa

Question 7

glaxosmithcline accused of

Answer 7

accused of excess profits, lobbying governments, overcharging for life saving drugs, research on drugs that require long treatment, not researching less profitable e.g. vaccines for forgotten tropical diseases.

Question 8

Glaxo SmithKline info

Answer 8

turnover of 34bn, 7bn to shareholders, produces 701m vaccine doses, 4.2bn consumer healthcare products. employs 100,000 in 36 countries. Has produced amoxillin for bacerial infections.

Question 9

glaxosmithcline R and D

Answer 9

4.6bn spent on R and D, 15,000 employed, close to a vaccine for ebola and malaria.

Question 10

non profit of glaxosmithcline

Answer 10

5% returns on products, HIV/AIDS products discounted, 25% of Uk price in developing countries, 20% of profits reinvested into developing countries

Question 11

global strategies for eradication

Answer 11

smallpox 1980, polio and guinea worm. GPEI, est 1988 eradicated in americas. in 2011 was only endemic in 3 countries. outbreaks in syria.

Question 12

national strategies for eradication

Answer 12

Mauritius endemic malaria in mid 1800s, 1867 epidemic killed 1/8. 1945-51 campaign. sprayed buildings and breeding area, 6 per 1000 to 0.6 per 1000 by 1951. eliminated in 1973. cyclone 2 years later, migrant workers brought malaria again, 1982 epidemic, another campaign.

Question 13

malaria in Mauritius 1998

Answer 13

passenger screening for 175,000 a year, are put under surveillance for 4 months, only one case since 1997