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SIU SOM: Anatomy > ERG RS1 > Flashcards

ERG RS1 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 movements of deglutition

A
  1. close off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx 2. close larnyx (vocal and vestibulo folds- prevents food from entering trachea) 3. enlarge opening of esophagus
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2
Q

name the opening to the nasal cavity

A

choanae

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3
Q

clinical significance of the terminal sulcus

A

mark between the brachial arches so they have different innervation

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4
Q

what is a laryngoscope and what shape blade is optimal

A

it is used to displace the epiglottis when placing an endotacheal tube curved blade

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5
Q

how can opening the auditory tube can be beneficial

A

equalizing pressure

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6
Q

torus tubarius

A

mucosa surrounding the opening of the auditory tube, covering cartilage

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7
Q

another name for the pharyngel tonsil

A

adenoid

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8
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx and list the tonisils in each

A

nasopharynx: pharyngeal, tubal oropharynx: palatine, lingual laryngopharynx

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9
Q

salpingopharyngeus muscle function

A

connection to skull

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10
Q

levator veli palantini function

A

close nasopharynx

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11
Q

action of tensor veli palantini

A

flatten soft pakate to cose the nasopharynx

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12
Q

list the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus pltopharyngeus levator veli plantini tensor veli palatini

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13
Q

list the circular muscles of the pharynx

A

palatopharyngeal sphincter superior, middle, and inferior constrictor

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14
Q

name the faucia pillars

A

posterior pillar/palatopharyngeal arch anteiror pillar/palatoglossal arch

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15
Q

killian’s dehiscence

A

a potential gap/ weak area of the pharyngel wall (Killian’s triangle) between the inferior constrictor’s thyropharyngeal and circopharyngeal parts perforation can occur at this site during esophagoscopy aka Zenkers diverticulum when the esophagus pouches through the muscle food can get stuck in pouch difficulty swallowing can be detected with barium swallow test

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16
Q

describe the innervation of the pharynx

A

innervated by the pharyngeal plexus motor: all CN X except to the stylopharyngeus (IX) and the tensor veli palantini (V3) sensory: all IX except auditory tube (V2) and lower pharynx (X) gag reflex: aka pharyngeal reflex: stimulated by touching the soft palate or back of tongue and carried by X

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17
Q

blood supply to pharynx

A

external carotid (ascending pharyngeal, facial –> ascending palatine and tonsillar, mxillary–> pharyngeal) thyrocervical trunk (inferior thyroid –> pharyngeal)

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18
Q

waldeyers ring

A

pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual tonsils prevent microorganisms entering pharynx from the mouth and nose

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19
Q

list the blood supply to the tonsils in Waldeyers ring

A

ascending pharyngeal maxillary –> descending pallantine lingual –> dorsal lingual facial –> ascending palatine and tonsillar **major concern during tonsillectomy is the blood supply

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20
Q

from superior to inferior name the spaces/regions of the larynx

A

vestibule laryngeal ventricle infraglottic space

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21
Q

vocal fold

A

mucosa that covers the vocal ligament

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22
Q

vocal ligamtent

A

controls pitch pulling tight (can be done by lifting head) raises pitch

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23
Q

vesibular fold

A

aka false vocal mucosa covering more superior to vocal fold

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24
Q

what is the common name for the laryngeal prominence

A

adam’s apple

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25
compare a cricothyroidotomy and traceoctomy
both create an opening for airflow through through the neck cricothyroidotomy: safer by avoiding blood vessels and nerves, is more commonly performed in emergency situations tracheoctomy: is performed lower where blood supply and nerves are at a greater risk, performed in hospitals for longer term
26
what is an important function of the blood supply to the nose
warms the air
27
describe the blood supply to the nose
internal carotid: opthalmic --\> ethmoidal external carotid: maxiallry --\> sphenoplatine --\> lateral nasal and septal ; decending palatine --\> greater palatine; facial --\> labial
28
common site for epistxis
(nose bleeds) Keiselbach's area if you press this area the nose bleed will stop
29
innervation of nose
olfactory trigeminal
30
name the paranasal sinuses
sphenoid frontal ethmoid maxillary
31
what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses
resonators of the voide reduce the skulls weight warm and moisten inhaled air shock absorbers in trauma
32
the sinuses drain their mucus to the nose, where does each sinus drain specifically
superor meatus: posterior ethmoidal cells middle meatus: middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sins, anterior ethmoidal cells, maxillary sinus inferior meatus: nasolacrimal duct
33
parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland
inferior salvitory nucleus CN: 9 (glassopharyngeal) Otic ganglion
34
parasympathetic innervation of ciliary and pupillary constrictor muscles
Edinger-Westphal nucleus CN: 3 (oculomotor) ciliary ganglion
35
parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual gland
nucleus: superior salvitory CN:7 (facial) submandibular ganglion chorda tympani
36
parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland
nucleus: superior salvitory CN: 7 (facial) ganglion: pterygopalantine
37
parasympathetic innervation of pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosal glands
nucleus: dorsal motor CN: 10 (vagus) dorsomotor vagal ganglion
38
taste innervation
chord tympani of facial and glossopharyngeal
39
name #1-5
1: hard palate 2: soft palate 3: nasal cavity 4: tongue 5: cranial vault
40
name numbers 1-6 as well as the \*
1: frontal sinus 2: ethmoid sinus 3: sphenoid sinus 4: superior concha 5: middle concha 6: inferio concha \*superior, middle, and inferior meatuses
41
name A-F
A: hard palate B: vestibule C: antrum D: sphenoethmoidal recess E. opening to sphenoid sinus F: soft palate
42
what is the inerior and superior border of the nasal cavity
inferior: soft and hard palate superior: frontal sinus, ethmoid bone, and sphenous sinus
43
concha vs meatus
concha= turbinates meatus: spaces below each concha
44
semilunar hiatus
groove within the middle meatus which the frontal, anterior ethmoidal, and maxillary sinus
45
where does the nasal lacrimal duct empy
inferior meatus
46
what is the definition of a fold
mucosa covering muscle
47
name the \* and both of the arrows
\*tarus tubarious white arrow: opening of the eustachian/pharyngotympanic/auditory tube dotted arrow: slpingopharyngeus fold
48
name A-C
A. pharyngeal recess B. pharyngeal tonsil (within the roof of nasopharynx) C. pharyngeal constrictor muscles
49
where is the tubal tonsil located
on the tarus tubarius
50
what is the function of the auditory tube
connects the middle ear and the nasopharynx
51
name the space posterior to tarus tubarios in which food can get stuck
nasopharyngeal space (this may be the same as pharyngeal recess)
52
are pharyngeal constrictor muscles striated? voluntary?
striated and voluntary
53
name 1-2 and the \*
1: palatoglossal fold 2: palatopharyngeal fold \*: tonsillar bed
54
name A-C
A: vallate papillae B: geneoglossis C: intrnsic muscles of tongue (4)
55
what is significant about the vallate papillae formation
the are arranged in the shape of a V at the point of the V is the foramen secum which divides the anteior 2/3 from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue the thyroid also begins at this point
56
after the pillars/arches, what portion of hte pharynx begins
oropharnyx
57
what space lies behind the constrictor muscles of the pharynx
retropharyngeal space it is filled with connective tissue that connects to the mediastinum infections can spread from here to the mediastinum if the pharynx is punctured
58
59
name the white \* and the yellow \*\*
white \*: epiglottis split midline yello \*\*: opening of the larynx
60
name A-E
A: periform recess B: laryngeal valleculae C: false/vestibular fold D: ventricle E: true/vocal fold
61
what are the laryngeal valleculae
space between tonges and epiglottis where food can get stuck
62
what is the periform recess
another space that food can get stuck
63
what space begins as you pass the true folds
ingraglottic space which is continuous with the trachea
64
name the \* and the white arrows
\*: epiglottis split midline white arrows: laryngeal valleculae
65
name the \* and the yelllow arrow
\*: prominence of thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) yellow arrow: ventricle
66
put these four structures in order from superior to inferior: ventricle. true vocal fold, vestibular fold, laryngeal vestibule
laryngeal vestibule vestibular fold ventricle true vocal fold
67
name the green, red, orange, and purple labeled structures
green: vestibular fold red: true vocal fold purple: ventricle orange: vestibule
68
how would you regionally characterize the pharynx
fans posteromedially from occiput to esophagus behind nasal larynx, nasooralarynx, oralarynx, and laryngeolarynx
69
what importnt structure is located in the nasopharynx and equilibrates pressure within the middle ear
estuchian tube surrounded by the tarus tubouriolis
70
what muscles might you find in the nasopharynx vs the oropharynx
nasopharynx: salpingopharyngeous, levator palatine oropharynx= tongue, palatoglossal, palatopharyngelal
71
what is the inervation of the levator palatini, tensor veli palatini, and other pharyngeal muscles
levator palantini: CN X tensor vili pakantini: V3 pharyngeal muscles: CN X (except: glassopharyngeal IX)
72
what are the potential points of esophageal constriction
at start where laryngopharynx meats esophagus where aortic arch crosses it in superior mediastinum posterior mediastinum by left main bronchus esophageal hiatus thorugh diaphragm
73
where does fliud from the various paranasal air sinuses drain into the nasal cavity
superior meatus: posterior ethmoid cells middle meatus: ethmoid bulge: middle ethmoidal cells; semilunar hiatus: frontal, anterior, ethmoidal, maxillary inferior meatus: nasal lacrimal duct
74
where might food particles or pills (eg aspirirn) lodge if they don't make it down the esophagus A. the laryngeal vestibule B. the nasopharyngeal recess C. the piriform recess D. the epiglottic valleculae E. all of the above
E. all of the above
75
Which of the following are considered components of Waldeyer's ring? A. tubal tonsils B. lingual tonsils C. palatine tonsils D. pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) E. All of the above
E. all of the above
76
Which of the following arteries may contribute to epistaxis (nosebleed)? A. ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery (internal carotid main source) B. spenopalatine branches of the maxillary artery (extrernal carotid main source) C. greater palatine branches of the maxillary artery (external carotid main source) D. superior labial branches of the maxillary artery (extrernal carotid main source) E. all of the above
E. all of the above
77
the extrinsic muscles of the tongue listes below are all innervated by the XII nerve (hypoglossal) except which one? A. hyoglossus B. palatoglossus C. styloglossus D. genioglossus E. all of the above are innervated by CN XII (hypoglassal n.)
B. palatoglossus
78
Where is the preferred site to perform an emergency tracheostomy? A. cricothyroid membrane B. thyroid cartilage (laryngeal) prominence C. laryngeal vestibular fold D. thyrohyoid membrane E. middle rings of the tracheal cartilage
A. cricothyroid membrane
79
identify the structure at the arrow head A. levator palatini muscle B. taurus tubarious C. opening of the eustacian tube D. salpingpharyngeal fold E. nasopharyngeal recess
D. salpingpharyngeal fold
80
A. frontal sinus B. anterior ethmoidal air cells C. maxillary sinus D hiatus semilunaris E. all of the above
E. all of the above
81
the space labeled with an asterisk (\*) drains into which of the following areas of the nasal cavity? A. superior nasal mmeatus B. middle nasal meatus C. inferior nasal meatus D. sphenoethmoidal recess E. nasal vestibule
D. sphenoethmoidal recess
82
what muscle lies beneath the ridge labeled with the white astrisk A. palatoglossus B. palatopharyngeus C. stylopharyngeus D. levator palantini E. tensor vili palatini
A palatoglossus
83
match the numbers on the photograph with the structure listed below A. true vocal fold B. vestibular fold (false vocal fold) C. larryngeal valleculae D. laryngeal vestibule E. laryngopharynx
A. true vocal fold- 5 B. vestibular fold- 4 C. larryngeal fold- 1 D. laryngeal vestibule- 2 E. laryngopharynx- 3
84

SIU SOM: Anatomy (12 decks)

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