Lab list 2: vessels and nerves

Question 1

Internal thoracic artery: branches? Supplies? Arise from?

Answer 1

Supplies anterior body wall from clavicle to umbilicus

arises from first part of subclavian

branches: pericardiophrenic artery, perforating cutaneous branches, sternal branch, xyphoid branches, and mediastinal (supplies thymus) branch

divides into musculophrenic and superior epigastric between the 6th and 7th intercostal space

Question 2

Periocardiophrenic artery

arise from? supplies?

Answer 2

Branch of internal thoracic artery

runs with phrenic nerve between pericardium and pleura to the daiphragm and anastamoses with musculophrenic and superior phrenic arteries

supplies pericardium and diaphragm

Question 3

Anterior intercostal arteries

arise from? Supply? Branches?

Answer 3

branch from the internal thoracic artery in intercostal spaces 1-6, branch from musculophrenic artery in intercostal spaces 7-9 (POSTERIOR intercostals solely supply the 10-12th intercostal spaces)

within the intercostal space each anterior intercostal divides into main branch and collateral/small branch which both lie between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles of their respective intercostal space

main branch (larger) travels laterally within the costal groove of the superior rib between the respective intercostal nerve and vein (VAN)

Collateral branch travels laterally in the inferior region of the intercostal space and does not have protection of a rib

each gives off cutaneous branches

they anastomose with posterior intercostals in the

Question 4

Superior epigastric artery

arise from? Branches? Supply?

Answer 4

branch of internal thoracic artery at the 6-7th intercostal space

runs inferiorly through the diaphragm and anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery

Supplies anterior abdominal wall and skin

Question 5

Musculophrenic artery

arise from? Branches? Supplies?

Answer 5

branch of internal thoracic artery at 6-7th intercostal space

branches anterior intercostal arteries of 7, 8, and 9 intercostal space

Question 6

Posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 6

first two are branches of the superior thoracic artery

Bottom 9 (3-12) are ranches of the descending aorta (right sided ones are longer since aorta lies on left side of vertebral column)

Each divides into anterior and posterior rami

anterior rami runs along costal groove of superior rib below the vein and above the artery and it then divides into four branches: mammary, collateral intercostal, lateral cutaneous, and muscular

Posterior rami: anastomoses with other arterie to supply spinal chord

supply muscles and skin of intercostal space as well as perinatal pleaura

Question 7

Costocervical trunk

arise from? Branches?

Answer 7

Branch of second part of subclavian artery

Branches: superior intercostal artery (supplies first two intercostal spaces) and deep cervical artery (supplies deep cervical muscles)

Question 8

Superior intercostal artery

arise from? Branches? Supply?

Answer 8

Arise from costocervical trunk

Supplies first and second intercostal arteries

passes anteriorly to first rib then branches

Question 9

Anterior intercostal veins

Answer 9

Run inferiorly to the superior rib and drain into the internal thoracic and musculophrenic veins

Question 10

Interior thoracic vein

Answer 10

Drains the chest wall and breasts

Arises from superior epigastric vein

Drains into braciocephalic vein

Question 11

Posterior intercostal veins

Answer 11

Arise from intercostal space inferior to the superior rib of the space

On the right side: 4-11 drain into azygous vein, 8-11 drain into hemiazygous

left side: 4-7th drain into accessory hemiazygous vein, 8-11 drain into hemiazygous vein

Question 12

Supreme/superior intercostal veins

Answer 12

Superior: intercostal spaces of 2 and 3 —> superior vein—> azygous vein —> brachiocephalic

supreme: intercostal space 1 —> supreme intercostal vein —> brachiocephalic vein

Question 13

Ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

supply

Answer 13

T1-11 supply the intercostal nerves

T12 supply the subcostal nerve to the 12th rib

(T1 and T2 also enter the brachial plexus, T7-T11 also supply peritoneum and abdomen,

Question 14

Internal thoracic nerves

Answer 14

Somatic nerves that arise from anterior divisions of T1-T11

Supply the thoracic wall, pleura, and peritoneum

Branches: lateral (cutaneous branch that innervates sin on side of thoracic wall, divides into anterior and posterior), colarteral branch (runs parallel to main nerve on border of inferior rib), anterior cutaneous branch (terminal end of nerve, splits into medial and lateral branches and innervates the skin near midline of chest)

Question 15

Subcostal nerve

Answer 15

Anterior division of T12

runs along border of 12th rib

considered 12th intercostal nerve

Question 16

Brachiocephalic vein

Answer 16

Internal jugular and subclavian join to form brachiocephalic vein

Left and right meet to form the superior vena cava

tributaries to right: vertebral, inferior thyroid, superior intercostal, internal throacic

tributaries to left: vertebral, inferior thyroid, internal thoracic, supreme intercostal, thymic, pericardiophrenic