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ES for pain relief Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what type of current does TENS deliver

A

pulsed currents

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2
Q

rationale for TENS

A

pulsed currents that depolarizes peripheral nerves through the skin = electroanalgesia

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3
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms for pain relief

A

gate control theory and descending pathway inhibitory tract

GCT and DPIT

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4
Q

exp how ES affects the GCT

A

vibration from ES is transmitted by A fibers which are faster than C fibers kaya mauuna sha mag activate ng SG which will block transmission of pain in the C fibers

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5
Q

how long does pain relief via GCT last

A

relief only during the treatment

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6
Q

exp how ES affects the DPIT

A

ES produces noxious stim that will activate the release of opiopeptins like endorphins and enkephalins via analgesia system

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7
Q

how long does pain relief via DPIT last

A

longer lasting than GCT since opiopeptins stay in the blood

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8
Q

what are the modes of application for pain relief

A

conventional
acupunture-like
brief-intense
hyper stimulation
burst mode
IFC

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9
Q

conventional TENS is aka

A

high-rate TENS

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10
Q

explain what kind of ES conventional TENS uses

A

short duration high frequency pulses

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11
Q

what is the rationale of conventional TENS

A

produce comfortable sensations without muscle contractions to modulate acute pain

GCT

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12
Q

why is ES modulated

A

to prevent accommodation or adaptation of nerves that will lead to dec in AP and sensation

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13
Q

explain what kind of ES acupuncture-like TENS uses

A

repetitive stim of motor nerves or to stim A delta nerves

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14
Q

what is the rationale of acupuncture-like TENS

A

stim of motor nerves - repetitive muscle contraction or twitches

stim of A delta - brief sharp pain for DPIT

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15
Q

expected feeling of patient for acupuncture-like TENS

A

motor: visible muscle twitch

sensory: brief sharp pain

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16
Q

expected feeling of patient for conventional TENS

A

comfortable tingling sensation

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17
Q

acupuncture-like TENS is aka

A

low-rate TENS

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18
Q

explain what kind of ES brief-intense stim TENS uses

A

combines sensory and motor TENS; high freq and short pulse + low freq and long pulse

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19
Q

what is the rationale of brief-intense stim TENS

A

intensity up to patient’s maximal tolerance for DPIT

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20
Q

expected feeling of patient for brief-intense stim TENS

A

visible strong muscle twitches

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21
Q

explain what kind of ES hyperstimulation TENS uses

A

applied using probe electrode over acupuncture points

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22
Q

what is the rationale of hyperstimulation TENS

Study These Flashcards
A

noxious stim over acupuncture points for relief via DPIT

23
Q

expected feeling of patient for hyperstimulation TENS

Study These Flashcards
A

highest tolerated painful stim

24
Q

hyperstimulation is aka

Study These Flashcards
A

point stim or electroacupuncture

25
explain what kind of ES burst mode TENS uses
stim is delivered in bursts
26
what is the rationale of burst mode TENS
pain relief via DPIT
27
expected feeling of patient for burst mode TENS
visible muscle contraction
28
explain what kind of ES IFC uses
alternating MFC that are slightly out of phase
29
uses of IFC
pain relief muscle re-education improving circulation enhance healing process
30
compare LFC, MFC and HFC
LFC - has the physio effects but low penetration due to high skin resistance MFC - low skin resistance; easier to penetrate but no physiologic effects HFC - thermal effects
31
relate interference and IFC
since 2 MFC na out of phase mag kaka interference constructive - waves adds destructive - cancels each other
32
explain the concept of beat frequency and AMF
2 MFC - so may 4000 Hz and 4100 Hz beat freq - is the diff = 100 Hz apply concept of interference phase na may constructive is the beat tas may destructive = series of beat and wala = heterodyned = LFC na sila with good penetration and physio effects
33
what is the carrier or base frequency
the lower frequency betw the 2 MFC
34
usual base frequency for sensory and motor
sensory - 4 kHz motor - 2 kHz
35
what is the usual beat frequency
diff of about 1-200 Hz
36
usual beat freq for pain relief and motor
pain relief: 80-200 Hz motor: < 50 Hz
37
compare constant beat freq and variable beat freq
constant - constant diff betw 2 circuits variable - freq betw 2 circuits vary within a preselected range to address accomodation; 20 Hz - plus/minus 10 Hz in 100 Hz base
38
types of IFC
quadripolar static mode quadripolar scanning mode premodulated mode hexipolar mode
39
exp quadripolar static
2 circuit static IFC field 4 pads in X pattern = 2 circuit = 2 IFC but effects is one area intersection lang - exactly 45° to perpendicular lines between 2 circuits
40
exp quadripolar scanning
2 circuit static IFC field 4 pads in X pattern = 2 circuit = 2 IFC but effect is larger area/scanning - about 45° to perpendicular lines between 2 circuits
41
use for quadripolar static
localized pain
42
use for quadripolar scanning
diffused pain
43
exp premodulated mode
bipolar/exogenous method MFC is mix in the stim tas appli is via 2 electrodes lang - 1 circuit
44
exp hexipolar mode
3 circuit IFC c 3 pairs of electrode within in 2 Y-shaped applicators 3 currents intersect within the tissues
45
sensory effect of IFC
cutaneous stim of sensory nerve fibers analgesic effect via GCT wedensky inhib of type C nociceptive fibers - non-acute pain
46
motor effect of IFC
synch excitation of large diameter and lower threshold or more excitable motor nerves glidemeister effect wedensky inhib of motor nerves
47
exp the glidemeister effect
normal physio contraction - asynch IFC will start synch then eventually mimic asynch or normal physio contraction
48
exp the wedensky inhib of motor nerves
d/t prolonged appli = loss of excitation since refractory state na should be prevented kaya may variable beat
49
disadvantage of synch muscle excitation
early fatigue of the muscle
50
indications for both TENS and IFC
pain control
51
indications for IFC only
relief of muscle spasm promote tissue healing edema reduction muscle re-education
52
contraindications for both TENS and IFC
over anterior cervical area demand type cardiac pacemakers or implanted cardioverter-defibrillators DVT over pregnant abdomen, pelvic, lumbar in 1st trim epileptic episodes over hemorrhagic area over cancer w/in 3m from SWD
53
precautions for both TENS and IFc
over thoracic cage over cranial are over metal implants confused or unreliable patients over damaged skin
54
adverse effects of both TENS and IFC
burns - electric or thermal blisters

pmod 2nd shift (12 decks)

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