intro to electrotherapy part 2

Question 1

what are the types of currents

Answer 1

DC
AC
PC

Question 2

what is direct current

Answer 2

uninterrupted flow of charged particles in one direction na 1 sec or longer

Question 3

DC is aka as _______

Answer 3

galvanic current

Question 4

uses of DC

Answer 4

iontophoresis
wound healing
stim of denervated muscle

Question 5

what are the different modulations of DC

Answer 5

reversed
interrupted
surged

Question 6

what is AC

Answer 6

continuous bidirectional flow of current that changes in direction of flow once per second in reference sa 0 - alternate positive/negative

Question 7

uses of AC

Answer 7

promote soft and osseous tissue regeneration

management of pain

Question 8

modulations for AC

Answer 8

time-modulated AC
amplitude-modulated AC

Question 9

what is PC

Answer 9

uni or bidirectional flow of current that periodically ceases for finite period of time - may periodic interruptions in current

Question 10

which type of current us most commonly used

Answer 10

pulsatile current

Question 11

what is a pulse

Answer 11

isolated electrical event separated by time from the next event; finite period of current and no current

Question 12

qualitative charac of PC and AC

Answer 12

waveform
number of phases
symmetry
phase charge balance

Question 13

what are the usual types of waveform

Answer 13

rectangular
square
triangular
sawtooth
spiked
sinusoidal

Question 14

what is a phase

Answer 14

flow of current in one direction for a period of time

Question 15

what are the different kinds of phases

Answer 15

monophasic
biphasic
polyphasic

Question 16

what does symmetrical mean

Answer 16

same shape of wave and size

Question 17

what are 2 types of assymetrical

Answer 17

balanced and unbalanced phase charge

Question 18

compare balanced and unbalanced assymetrical

Answer 18

balanced - diff shape but same area or size

unbalanced - diff shaper and size

Question 19

how do you name electric current

Answer 19

shape - symm or assym - phase - AC/PC

Question 20

what are the quantitative charac of PC and AC

Answer 20

amplitude-dependent
time-dependent
amplitude and time dep
current modulations

Question 21

factors under amplitude-dependent

Answer 21

peak amplitude
peak-to-peak amplitude
RMS
average current

Question 22

compare peak ampli and peak-to-peak ampli

Answer 22

peak - maximum current or voltage in one phase

peak-to-peak - max current of peak of 1st phase above and peak of 2nd phase below in biphasic

Question 23

compare RMS and ave current

Answer 23

RMS - effective current applied to tissues

ave - current delivered to tissue /sec

Question 24

RMS and ave current of a sine wave

Answer 24

RMS slightly higher than ave current and both below peak

Question 25

RMS and ave current of a square wave

Answer 25

same sila sa peak

Question 26

factors under time-dependent

Answer 26

phase duration pulse duration interphase interval interpulse interval rise time decay time duty cycle period frequency

Question 27

compare phase and pulse duration

Answer 27

phase - time bet start and end of one phase pulse - time bet start and end of all phases in one pulse

Question 28

compare interphase and interpulse interval

Answer 28

interphase - time bet 2 successive phases interpulse - time bet two successive pulses

Question 29

compare rise and decay time

Answer 29

rise - from zero to peak of one phase decay - from peak to zero current of one phase

Question 30

explain duty cycle

Answer 30

duty cycle - on time/off time on - when current is delivered off - when current stops

Question 31

what is period

Answer 31

elapsed time from one reference point to another pulse duration + interval start to start ganun

Question 32

what is frequency

Answer 32

number of times/second a waveform repeats pps or Hertz

Question 33

factors under amplitude and time-dependent variables

Answer 33

phase charge pulse charge

Question 34

compare phase and pulse charge

Answer 34

phase - amount of energy delivered to tissue by each phase pulse - sum of all phase charges; so energy under single pulse

Question 35

phase and pulse charge of a monophasic current

Answer 35

phase = pulse charge; same sila

Question 36

phase and pulse charge of a biphasic current

Answer 36

phase - one phase lng pulse - both phases

Question 37

what are the types of current modulations

Answer 37

frequency ramp duration burst

Question 38

what are the traditional currents

Answer 38

faradic galvanic russian HVGC interferential diadynamic

Question 39

what is faradic current

Answer 39

uneven alternating surged current; 50 Hz tas 100Hz assymetric biphasic - triangle tas rectangular pulse; 0.2-1 ms na 50 Hz

Question 40

frequency usually used to induce muscle contraction

Answer 40

40-60 Hz

Question 41

what is the russian current

Answer 41

sine wave na 2500 Hz and 50 bursts /sec so polyphasic pulse sha

Question 42

what is the australlian current

Answer 42

1000 Hz burt modulated in 4 msec burts

Question 43

compare australlian to russian current

Answer 43

greater torque of production and dec muscle fatigue w aussie

Question 44

what is HVPGC

Answer 44

two high peak amplitude currents na monophasic monopolar twin peaks have instant rise and slope on decay

Question 44

significance of monopolar twin peaks in HVPGC

Answer 44

stimulate nerve axons

Question 45

what is IFC

Answer 45

uses 2 MFC that are slightly out of phase w each other they become heterodyned or mix

Question 46

what is diadynamic current

Answer 46

monophasic halfwaves from sine wave - binubura yung nasa baba becomes similar to galvanic

Question 46

indications of IFC

Answer 46

diffuse pain muscle weakness