Esophagous

Question 1

Drugs that predispose esophagous to esophagitis?

Answer 1

NSAIDs
Tetracyclines
Bisphosphonates
Iron
Potassium chloride

Question 2

Infection esphagitis by candida shows _____on UGI scope.

Answer 2

White patches pseudomembranes

Question 3

HSV 1 esophagitis shows what findings on UGI scope?

Answer 3

Cowdry type A
Fluid filled vesicles and sort of punched out ulcers

Question 4

What are classic histopathological findings of HSV 1 esophagitis?

Answer 4

Cowdry type A inclusions Multinuclear intercellular inclusions

Question 5

CMV esophagitis shows which finding on UGI scope?

Answer 5

Linear ulcer
# histopathology
Shows intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions

Question 6

In patients with atopic disorders, such as asthma, what can be seen in UGI scope?

Answer 6

Oesophageal rings, and linear furrows

Question 7

Achalasis caused by blockage of inhibitory neurons in __1__plexus which releases___2___.

Answer 7

1. Aurbachs plexus
2. VIP and NO

Question 8

What are the findings of achalasia on barium swallow?

Answer 8

Birds beak appearance
Area of distal stenosis

Question 9

What are the investigations done in patients with suspected achalasia?

Answer 9

Manometey
Barium swallow

Question 10

What are the manometry findings in patients with achalasia?

Answer 10

Increased tone of LES
Absent peristalsis

Question 11

What are the secondary causes of degeneration of inhibitory neurons in aurbachs plexus?

Answer 11

Chagas’ disease
Extra esophageal malignancy

Question 12

In patients with achalasia what are the common malignancy shows increased risk?

Answer 12

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma of esopgagous

Question 13

What are the treatment option for individuals with achalasia?

Answer 13

Balloon dilation
Botulinum toxin injection

Question 14

Diffuse esophageal spasm or distal esophageal spasm is caused due to

Answer 14

Abnormal un coordinated peristaltic movements with normal LES

Question 15

Patient with angina like retro sternal pain but aggravation by moments and relief by rest is not seen patient complains of dysphagia. What is the diagnostic test?

Answer 15

Manometry

Question 16

In patient with diffuse oesophageal spasm, barium swallow findings shows

Answer 16

Cork screw appearance

Question 17

What is CREST syndrome ? It is associated with which autoimmune disorder?

Answer 17

Calcinosis
Ranauds phenomena
Oesophageal dis motility
Sclerodactyly : skin tightening
Talengectasia: spiderveins

Question 18

In scleroderma, oesophageal dysfunction can be presented as

Answer 18

Strictures
Barretts esophagus
Aspiration

Question 19

In oesophageal dysmotility in scleroderma is due to which pathology?

Answer 19

Smooth muscle atrophy

Question 20

Plummer Vinson syndrome triad

Answer 20

Dysphagia
Iron deficiency
Oesophageal webs

Question 21

Schants ring

Answer 21

Contracted ring at the gastroesopgaeal junction

Question 22

What does the barium swallow shows in patients with schants ring?

Answer 22

Regular ring at GE junction in lower 3rd of esophagous

Question 23

The ring in upper 3rd of esophagous in barium swallow is mostly associated with?

Answer 23

Plummer Vinson syndrome

Question 24

Is zenkers diverticulum true or false diverticulum and why?

Answer 24

False
Contains only two layers

Question 25

What is the muscle pathology that causes zenkers diverticulum?

Answer 25

Impaired relaxation of cricopharyngeus muscle

Question 26

What is the most common location of the zenkers diverticulum internally?

Answer 26

Killians Triangle Between thyropgaryngeus and cricopharungeus muscles

Question 27

What type of esophageal disorders are associated with mostly with dysphagia for solids?

Answer 27

Mechanical esophageal disorders Schantz ring Plummer Vinson syndrome Zenkers diverticulum Strictures Obstruction

Question 28

What is the key difference between benign and malignant strictures?

Answer 28

Benign : caused by GERD allergic corrosives Dysphagia heartburn weight loss Malignant : caused by malignancy + UGI bleed and iron deficiency anemia

Question 29

What are the key differences between barium swallow findings in benign and malignant strictures?

Answer 29

Benign: linear string of contrast Malignant: irregular narrowing of lumen

Question 30

The patient suffering from Dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia and esophageal webs has increased risk of developing which malignancy?

Answer 30

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagous

Question 31

What is the common risk factors for developing adenocarcinoma and SCC esophagus?

Answer 31

Smoking achalaisa

Question 32

What are risk factors specifically associated with scc oesophagus?

Answer 32

Alcohol Plummer Vinson syndrome Hot liquids Strictures Palmoplantar keratoderma

Question 33

What is most common type of carcinoma oesophagus worldwide?

Answer 33

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 34

What is the most common type of oesophageal Cancer in USA?

Answer 34

Adenocarcinoma

Question 35

SCC and adenocarcinoma oesophagus affect, which segments, respectively?

Answer 35

SCC upper 2/3 Adenocarcinoma lower 3rd

Question 36

What are the surgical options available for carcinoma oesophagus at initial stages?

Answer 36

Esophagectomy Endoscopic tumor resection Mucosal ablation

Question 37

What is the pathology behind Barretts esophagus?

Answer 37

Intestinal metaplasia Conversion of non keratonized squamous to non ciliated columnar epithelium