ESS grade 9 Test 1 Flashcards

Question

Devonian extinction

Answer 1

75% of life dead (both sea and land) caused by hypoxia (too much oxygen) as a result of stromatolites

Answer 2

known as the Great Dying 96% of life died (not in equal proportion) caused by volcanism and greenhouse affect

Answer 3

killed the first set of dinosaurs 85% of all life lost cause is unknown (maybe volcanism)

Answer 4

most well known caused by a meteorite/cluster of them which triggered a train reaction of earthquakes, volcanos, etc which caused a blanket of ash which changed CO2 levels 66% of life dead (a lot of mammals survived) 65-66 MYA

Answer 5

present time man made extinction every year, 100 times more species go extinct

Answer 6

a change in atmospheric or oceanic chemistry

Answer 7

The theory that Eukaryotic cells are descendants of prokaryotic cells. A bigger cell engulfed a smaller one and instead of absorbing it, they profited off each other and eventually this became a genetically inherited event. The smaller cell became the mitochondrion

Answer 8

prokaryotes are single celled organism without a nucleus or organelles eukaryotes are organism whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles

Answer 9

linking animal between groups of organisms. For example, fish and tetrapod (the prequel to amphibians)

Answer 10

animals that haven't evolved in millions of years and yet still exist (aren't a real fossil)

Answer 11

when big 'holes' appear in layers of rocks; caused by particles not cementing properly due to extreme wind, water erosion, or an ice age (ice and particles mix so when the ice melts, the particles are brought away with the water - called snowball theory)

Answer 12

lobe finned fish related to tiktaalik fleshy fins ovoviviparous (eggs inside but live birth) living fossil discovered by Courtney-Latimer

Answer 13

solid mixture of minerals may be organic (made of dead things) can have crystals because of minerals classified by how they are formed identified by composition (what minerals + amount) and texture (size, shape, position of grains, etc)

Answer 14

naturally formed of elements or compounds inorganic solid (non living) definite chemical makeup has crystals not made of rock classified by chemical composition

Answer 15

formed when magma or lava cools and hardens there are two types, intrusive and extrusive all types of rocks can be changed into igneous rocks by melting and cooling naturally

Answer 16

Intrusive = inside the volcano made from magma cools slowly beneath earth's surface larger crystals coarse grained Extrusive = outside of volcano made from lava smaller crystals and smoother

Answer 17

Banded Iron Formations iron in rock formations rust due to oxygen causing a red color shows periods in which there was oxygen and when there was not Up until a certain point, the oxygen reacted with minerals in the ocean (like iron) so when BIFs stopped forming completely is when the oxygen started to accumulate

Answer 18

when particles are cemented together through a process 1. weathering (rain beating on rocks) 2. erosion (sediments fall off rocks) 3. deposition (sediments fall into body of water) 4. compaction (sediments are compressed under water and gravity) 5. cementation (they squish a lot over time until they form rock) These rocks are usually softer and visibly sedimentary

Answer 19

Organic = fossilized remains of plants or animals compressed together the fossils must remain fossilized, not decomposed. calcium carbonate (limestone + chalk) Clastic = fragments of rock are compacted together (different types randomly stick together) chemical = sediments are glued together by dissolving minerals

Answer 20

formed when existing roc is changed into new rock by the heating from the rock and pressure from rocks around it found near the core of the earth (where theres a lot of heat and pressure) usually very pretty very hard all rocks can become metamorphic through heat and pressure

Answer 21

Foliated = crystals aligned in layers (usually previously sedimentary) Non foliated = crystals arranged randomly (usually previously igneous)

Answer 22

physical - examines materials and processes of earth

Answer 23

historical - examines origin and evolution of earth

Answer 24

Uniformitarianism says that the same processes at work today were at work in the past, late 1700s, James Hutton, is the current theory

Answer 25

catastrophism - biblical view, mid 1600s, James Ussher

Answer 26

Time period when the diversification and abundance of life began

Answer 27

The cycle which describes the processes needed for rocks to transition between the three main types of rock

Answer 28

3,500,000 years ago

Answer 29

the study of life and how it relates to other life and the earth

Answer 30

decomposers producers (plants) primary consumers (herbivores) secondary consumers (omnivores) Apex predator (carnivore) as energy moves up, only 10 % is gained

Answer 31

a linear sequence showing how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another

Answer 32

a complex network of interlinked food chains representing multiple pathways through which energy and nutrients pass in an ecosystem

Answer 33

benefits both species

Answer 34

one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed

Answer 35

one species benefits at the expense of another

Answer 36

one organism eats another

Answer 37

two organisms compete for a resource

Answer 38

the natural enviornment where an organism lives

Answer 39

the role an organism plays in its enviornment, including it shabitat, resources use, and interaction with other organisms (how they survive) Ex. beak shape canary vs finch

Answer 40

a species at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, pollution, or other factors

ESS grade 9 Test 1 Flashcards

(64 cards)