Essay questions Flashcards
(20 cards)
Compare between Depot fat & Tissue fat :
Depot is Variable , Present in certain tissues as Adipose tissue , it is mainly Neutral fat & Fatty acids present are mainly Saturated fatty acids.
Tissue is Constant , Present in every cell , is mainly Cholesterol, Phospholipids & Glycolipids , & Unsaturated fatty acids mainly
Give the origin of Chylomicron :
Intestine
Give the origin of VLDL :
Liver
Give the origin of LDL :
Breakdown of VLDL via IDL
Give the origin of HDL :
Peripheral tissues & liver
Give the function of Chylomicron :
Transport of Dietary TAC & other lipids from intestine to peripheral tissues
Give the function of VLDL :
Transport Endogenous TAG from liver to peripheral tissues
Give the function of LDL :
Transport Cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues
Give the function of HDL :
_Remove free Cholesterol from peripheral tissues & Esterifies it
_Transport Esterified Cholesterol to liver to be eliminated
Give clinical significance of Chylomicron :
Increased in cases of deficiency of Lipoprotein lipase
Give clinical significance of VLDL :
Defect in their synthesis leads to Fatty liver
Give clinical significance of LDL :
Their increase leads to Atherosclerosis
Give clinical significance of HDL :
Their decrease leads to Atherosclerosis
Importance of Cholesterol :
-Cholesterol is important for all cell membranes
-Formation of Lipoproteins
-Synthesis of Steroid hormones
-Synthesis of Vitamin D
-Synthesis of bile acids & salts in the liver ; this is enhanced by thyroid hormones
Hypercholesterolemia is Increased plasma level of cholesterol above 200mg/dl ; Causes :
-Diet rich in Carbohydrates, Saturated fatty acids & Cholesterol
-Diabetes mellitus
-Hypothyroidism
-Obstructive jaundice
-Nephrosis
-Coffee drinking & Cigarette smoking
What is Ketosis ?
-The blood level of ketone bodies is about 1 mg/dl
-Ketosis is condition characterized by increased level of ketone bodies in blood (Ketonemia) & their excretion in urine (Ketonuria)
Causes of Ketosis :
-Prolonged starvation
-High fat & Low carbohydrate in diet
-Prolonged administration of anti-insulin hormones
-Severe uncontrolled diabetes
Treatment & management of Ketosis :
-Glucose intravenous if the cause is low carbohydrate diet or starvation
-Glucose & Insulin if the cause is diabetes
-Correct Acidosis by giving Bicarbonate
-Correct electrolyte loss by potassium & dehydration by fluids
What is Fatty liver ?
Fatty liver is the accumulation of excessive amounts of lipids mainly triglycerides in the liver
Causes of Fatty liver :
-Overfeeding of carbohydrates
-Overfeeding of fats
-Over mobilization of fat from depot to liver
-Decreased oxidation of fatty acids as in deficiency of Carnitine & Pantothenic acid
-Decreased mobilization of fat from liver to blood as in deficiency of essential amino acids
