Metabolism

Question 1

The synthesis of macromolecules from simple ones, it is required for new cells & tissue growth :

Answer 1

Anabolism

Question 2

Breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones with the release of energy :

Answer 2

Catabolism

Question 3

The process of oxidation & capture of energy :

Answer 3

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Substances that cause the process of oxidation to take place without phosphorylation & energy is lost as heat :

Answer 4

Uncoupler

Question 5

The oxidation of glucose into pyruvate (pyruvic acid) in presence of oxygen into lactate (lactic acid) in absence of oxygen :

Answer 5

Glycolysis

Question 6

Stage 1 catabolism includes :

Answer 6

Hydrolysis of: Poly into Mono, Triglycerides into FA & Glycerol, Protein into amino acid

Question 7

Stage 2 catabolism that release some energy, includes :

Answer 7

Conversion of Mono, Glycerol, FA, Amino acid into Active acetate (Acetyl coA)

Question 8

Stage 3 catabolism that produce most of energy via respiratory chain, includes :

Answer 8

Oxidation of Active acetate into CO2 & Water

Question 9

Name the 2 high energy phosphate bond :

Answer 9

ATP & Creatine phosphate

Question 10

Name the high energy sulfur bond :

Answer 10

Acetyl CoA (Active acetate)

Question 11

Substrate level oxidative phosphorylation takes place in Two reactions during glycolysis & :

Answer 11

One during Kreb’s cycle

Question 12

Oxidation of hydrogen carried on NAD in the electron transfer chain (ETC) results in :

Answer 12

Formation of Water & Release of energy captured as 2.5 ATP

Question 13

Oxidation of FADH2 in ETC gives :

Answer 13

1.5 ATP & Water formation

Question 14

The two process of release of energy as ATP takes place at the same time & called :

Answer 14

Oxidation phosphorylation coupling

Question 15

Factors that cause uncoupling are called uncouplers ; Name 2 uncouplers :

Answer 15

Calcium & Thyroxine

Question 16

Increase level of thyroxine or calcium may lead to :

Answer 16

Hyperthermia

Question 17

During digestion of carbohydrates, starch is digested by :

Answer 17

Salivary & Pancreatic amylase

Question 18

Fate of glucose includes :

Answer 18

Oxidation, Conversion to other carbs or lipids or non-essential amino, Storage, Excretion in urine

Question 19

Oxidation of glucose to pyruvate in presence of oxygen (glycolysis) takes place in :

Answer 19

Cytosol of every cell

Question 20

Glycolysis results in release of energy at substrate level equals :

Answer 20

4 ATP

Question 21

How many ATP are consuming in first 3 steps of glycolysis ?

Answer 21

2 ATP

Question 22

Oxidate of one molecule of glucose aerobically produces :

Answer 22

2 Pyruvate molecules & 7 ATP

Question 23

Oxidation of one molecule of glucose anaerobically produces :

Answer 23

2 Lactate molecules & 2 ATP

Question 24

Calculation of energy yield of oxidation one glucose molecule during aerobic glycolysis includes 4 ATP at substrate level, 2 ATP consumed during first 3 steps & :

Answer 24

5 ATP from oxidation of 2 NADH in the ETC

Question 26

Fluoride inhibits :

Answer 26

Enolase enzyme, Glycolysis, Fermentation

Question 27

Anti-insulin hormones (glucagon & adrenaline) & High levels of ATP inhibit :

Answer 27

Glycolysis

Question 28

Name the hormone that stimulates glycolysis by inhibiting the enzymes that reverse the irreversible reactions :

Answer 28

Insulin

Question 29

Name the minor pathway that involves conversion of glucose 6 phosphate to ribose 5 phosphate :

Answer 29

Hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP)

Question 30

Name the common reaction in Glycolysis, Glycogenolysis & HMP :

Answer 30

Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate

Question 31

Name the enzyme that its deficiency leads to favism :

Answer 31

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 32

NADPH resulted from HMP acts as Hydrogen donor for :

Answer 32

Fatty acid & Steroid synthesis, Reduction of Retinal to Retinol, Conversion of glutathione Oxidized form (G-S-S-G) to its Reduced form (2G-SH)

Question 33

HMP is active in tissues involving Lipogenesis, in Ovaries & Testes, in Retina for Rhodopsin synthesis, & is important to get rid of :

Answer 33

H2O2 from many tissues

Question 34

Absence of NADPH in RBCs leads H2O2 accumulation & :

Answer 34

Hemolysis

Question 35

Glucuronic acid is important for :

Answer 35

Detoxification of liver, Incorporated into Glycosaminoglycan & Protioglycan

Question 36

Name the genetic disorder due to deficiency of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase :

Answer 36

Favism

Question 37

Uronic acid pathway occurs in Liver cells cytoplasm & ends by formation of :

Answer 37

Glucuronate (Glucuronic acid)