ET: Placental Exam, Parturition and abortion Flashcards
(43 cards)
Equine dystocia
Not due to fetal: maternal disproportion
Caused by postural abnormalities
Red bag
Premature placental separation
Emergency, requires immediate action
Foaling problems of fetal origin
Twinning
Developmental anomalies
Wry neck/ wry nose (can remodel after birth)
Dystocia
Uterine torsion
Evident @ 6-8 months and with discomfort of the dam
Discomfort secondary to vascular compromise of fetus
Tx of uterine torsion
Flank sx to resolve
Prepubic tendon rupture
Secondary to sever ventral edema
Rupture of the middle uterine artery
Happens post-foaling within a week
Results in a rapid demise of the mar e
Secondary to uterine prolapse
Perineal lacerations
Results of dystocia
First (anal sphincter and perineal body intact), second (fistula of perineal body) and third degree
Third degree perineal lacerations
Acute bruising (sx repair will fail)
Thirty days later: freshen and debride, then do repair
Gestation length
10.5 to 13 months (ave 11- 11.5 months)
Abortion
Expulsion from the uterus of a living fetus before it’s capable to independent life or a dead fetus recognizable size at any age of gestation
Fresh fetal death
Died in utero < 24 before delivery
EHV-1
Autolytic fetal death
Died in utero 24-48 hours before being delivered
EVA (viral), bacterial (strept) and fungal/ mycotic
A fetus may also be aborted __________ but nonviable from ____________-
- alive
- late term EHV-1 abortion
Determining fetal time of death
6-12 hrs: corneas cloudy and gray
12-18 hrs: emphysematous degeneration
24 hrs: Kidneys soft
36 hrs: skin discoloration, subcutis, gelatinous liver soft
Fetus is more often autolytic subsequent to ___________ in utero conditions
chronic
Thickened placenta
Reduces the fetus’s nutrition and slow removal of its waste products → intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
Twinning
Most common non-infectious cause of equine abortion
Insufficient placentation is the reason of loss of twin pregnancies
Transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction
By embryonic to fetal stabbing
Yolk sac or allantoic fluid aspiration
Early reduction preferred
>35 days
Twin reduction: 55-150 days gestation
Cranio-cervical dislocation- first cervical vertebrae from the cranium, serving the SC and disrupting the ligamentous attachments
Late gestation dx of twins
Majority begin between 7-8 months gestation
Premature mammary development
Essential samples for abortion dx
Fetus, placenta and maternal blood
Bacterial abortions
Most commonly an ascending infection
Inflammatory response that impairs the placenta’s ability to sustain the pregnancy
Overwhelmed placenta = terminated pregnancy
B- hemolytic streptococci
Sporadic abortion @ any stage
Associated with dirty environment
Fetal autolysis
