Ethical Issues A1

Question 1

Why is Informed Consent crucial?

Answer 1

Makes ppts aware of the researches aims, procedure, their rights as ppts and what the data will be used for

Question 2

What does informed consent allow the ppt to do?

Answer 2

To make an informed judgement

To not feel coerced/obliged to take part

Question 3

Give an example of a ppt rights

Answer 3

Right to withdraw whenever

Question 4

How can informed consent affect the investigation from a researches POV?

Answer 4

It can lead to Demand Characteristic and change in behaviour b/c they know the aims of the study

Question 5

Define Deception

Answer 5

When researchers deliberately mislead or withhold information from the ppts at any stage of the study - So they haven’t given informed consent

Question 6

When can deception be justified?

Answer 6

When it does not cause the ppt undue distress

Question 7

How are ppts ensured protection from harm?

Answer 7

By ensuring that they are not put at any more risk than they would face in their daily lives

Question 8

What harm should ppts be protected from?

Answer 8

Physical and Psychological

Includes embarrassment, undue stress or pressure

Question 9

What is an important feature of protection from harm?

Answer 9

The ppts being reminded that they have the right to withdraw at any point

Question 10

How is privacy ensured?

Answer 10

By the ppts right to control information about themselves

Question 11

What are the British ethical guidelines called?

Answer 11

The BPS Code of Ethics

Question 12

What approach is used to determine whether research proposals are ethical?

Answer 12

A Cost-Benefit Approach

Question 13

Who implements guidelines in research institutions?

Answer 13

Ethics Committees

Question 14

How do you deal with informed consent according to BPS?

Answer 14

With ppts being issued with a consent letter that outlines all relevant information -they need to sign this

*Parental consent required is ppt is below 16 years of age

Question 15

List the 3 types of consent

Answer 15

1) Presumptive Consent - similar group of people are asked if its acceptable
2) Prior General Consent - Ppts agree to take part in number of diff studies
3) Retrospective Consent - ppts asked for consent after the study

Question 16

How does debriefing help with deception and protection from harm?

Answer 16

• Ppts made aware of true aims and details they didn’t have before hand
• Lets them know what the data will be used for and that they can withdraw it
• Reassurance that their behaviour was normal

Question 17

What should be offered if a ppts has been subject to embarrassment or stress?

Answer 17

Counselling - which the researcher should provide

Question 18

How is confidentiality of ppts dealt with?

Answer 18

• No record of personal details
• Assured anonymity
• Assure their data is protected