Ethics And laws

Question 1

Take care to do no harm; minimize harm

Answer 1

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Question 2

➔ Establish relationships of trust
➔ Upholding professional standards of conduct
➔ Cooperate with other professionals if needed
to serve the best interest of the client
➔ Strive to contribute their professional time,
compensated or not.

Answer 2

Fidelity and Responsibility

Question 3

Promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness

Answer 3

Integrity

Question 4

Respect the dignity and worth of all people by
exercising their rights to privacy,
confidentiality, and self-determination.

Answer 4

Respect for People’s Rights and
Dignity

Question 5

verbal or nonverbal
conduct sexual in nature, either unwelcome or
creates hostile workplace, sufficiently severe to
be abusive

Answer 5

Sexual Harassment –

Question 6

psychologist is in
a professional role with the client, at the same
time is in another role with them (e.g., family,
intimate relationships, friends), or with their
closely associated/related family or friends, or
promises to enter in “another” relationship
with them in the future or a person closely
related with the client

Answer 6

Multiple Relationships –

Question 7

any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in
which one individual varies from another
☁ Enduring long term

Answer 7

Trait

Question 8

intelligence, specific intellectual abilities,
cognitive style, adjustment, interests,
attitudes, sexual orientation and preferences,
psychopathology, etc.

Answer 8

Psychological Trait

Question 9

distinguish one person from another but are
relatively less enduring
☁ Short term (ex. sadness)

Answer 9

States

Question 10

Construct
➔ an informed, scientific concept developed or
constructed to explain a behavior, inferred
from overt behavior

Answer 10

Construct

Question 11

an observable action or the product of an
observable action

Answer 11

Overt Behavior

Question 12

➔ assumption that the more the testtaker
responds in a particular direction keyed by the
test manual as correct or consistent with a
particular trait, the higher that testtaker is
presumed to be on the targeted ability or trait

Answer 12

Cumulative Scoring

Question 13

refers to something that is more than
expected; it is component of the measurement
process

Answer 13

Error

Question 14

★ the component of a test score
attributable to sources other than the
trait or ability measured

Answer 14

Error Variance

Question 15

Each test-taker has true score on a test that
would be obtained but for the action of
measurement error.
☁ Minimize error

Answer 15

Classical Test Theory

Question 16

➔ Consistency of the measuring tool

Answer 16

Reliability

Question 17

➔ measure what it is supposed to measure

Answer 17

Validity

Question 18

➔ method of evaluation and a way of deriving
meaning from test scores by evaluating an
individual testtaker’s score and comparing it to
scores of a group testtakers

Answer 18

Norm-Referenced Testing and Assessment

Question 19

➔ usual, average, normal, standard, expected, or
typical

Answer 19

Norm

Question 20

➔ group of people whose performance on a
particular test is analyzed for reference in
evaluating the performance of individual
testtakers

Answer 20

Normative Sample

Question 21

➔ process of deriving norms

Answer 21

Norming

Question 22

➔ consists or descriptive statistics based on a
group of testtakers in a given period of time
rather than norms obtained by formal
sampling methods

Answer 22

User Norms or Program Norms

Question 23

➔ the process of administering a test to a
representative sample of testtakers for the
purpose of establishing norms

Answer 23

Standardization

Question 24

➔ a portion of the universe of people that
represents the whole population

Answer 24

Sample

Question 25

➔ process of selecting sample

Answer 25

Sampling

Question 26

Random sampling, randomization is used to select samples

Answer 26

Probability Sampling

Question 27

➔ Every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample

Answer 27

Simple Random Sampling

Question 28

➔ Every nth item or person after is picked

Answer 28

Systematic Sampling

Question 29

➔ Random selection within predefined groups ➔ More risk of bias due to stratifying

Answer 29

Stratified Sampling

Question 30

➔ Groups rather than individual units of the target population are selected randomly

Answer 30

Cluster Sampling

Question 31

➔ Researchers pick items or individual based on their research goals or knowledge

Answer 31

Non-Probability Sampling

Question 32

➔ Selected based on their availability

Answer 32

Convenience Sampling

Question 33

➔ Achieve a spread across the target population by specifying who should be recruited for a survey according to certain groups or criteria

Answer 33

Quota Sampling

Question 34

➔ Chosen consciously based on their knowledge and understanding of the research question at hand or their goals

Answer 34

Purposive Sampling

Question 35

➔ People recruited to be part of a sample are asked to invite those they know to take part, who are then asked to invite their friends and family and so on

Answer 35

Snowball or Referral Sampling