ETHICS ANIMALS Flashcards
What is Bateson’s cube?
- A model of cost-benifit analysis developed for animal research.
Bateson’s cute the 3 axes (measures)
- Suffering
- Certainty of benifit
- Quality of research
How much ethical guidelines are there for animal research?
- Replacement
- Species
- Number of animals
- Pain, distress and suffering
- Housing
- Reward, deprivison and aversive stimuli
Replacement: Ethical guideline
- Researchers should consider replacing animals with other options.
- Animals should only be used as a last resort.
Videos from previous studies, computer simulations
Species: Ethical guideline
- Chosen species should be the LEAST likely to suffer pain or distress.
Species: Ethical guideline.
What should be considered?
- Bred in captivity
- Previous experinces of experimentation
- Sentience of species.
Number of animals
- Researchers should only use a minumum number of animals to accomplish the research aims and goals.
How can researchers keep the number of animals to a minimum?
- Can be calculated via pilot studies
- Good experimental design
What is the difference between replacement and number of animals?
- Replacement= Considers replacing animals
- Number of animals= Considers using minimal number of animals.
Deprivison meaning
- To deprive the animal of neccessities.
example= Not giving the animal food
Aversive stimuli meaning
- Exposing the animal to unpleasantness (pain/ fear)
Elicits aversion and/or withdrawal responses
Reward, deprivison and aversive stimuli
- Deprivation and aversive stimuli should be avoided, rewards should be instead.
- It should only be used if there is no alternative way of motivating the animal consistent with the studies aims.
- Even then- the deprivison should be NO GREATER THAN needed.
Pain, suffering, distress
- Research causing physical or psychological pain, suffering, distress should be avoided
- Instead, The experimental design should IMPROVE the animals experience.
- Naturally occuring instances may be used (stress arising from natural
- Any costs to the animals should be justified by the scientific benefit of the work outweighing the negatives.
(studying the effects of early enrichment vs deprivation on development)
Housing
- Isolation & crowding should be avoided.
- Caging should recreate aspects of the natural environment that are important to the welfare of the animal
- It must take into account the social behaviour of the species.
Procedure
- Animal experiences in the study should be positive or normal as far as possible within the constrains of the research
Procedures that may cause discomfort, injury, stress, etc., need a Project Licence, which can be gained after a cost-benefit analysis.
