Ethics- human and animal

Question 1

Informed consent

Answer 1

participants should be asked if they want to take part in the study and should have sufficient information about what it will involve

Question 2

why could informed consent be broken

2

Answer 2

• so that participants do not figure out the true aim of the study therfore, it can help reducting demand characteristics
• this allows for more realistic behaviour

Question 3

Protection from physical harm

Answer 3

Participants should leave the study in the same physical state as they entered

Question 4

Protection from psychological harm

Answer 4

Participants should not be potentially distressed/ stressed by the procedures of the study

Question 5

Confidentiality

Answer 5

Any data should not be identifiable as a single participant’s response

Question 6

Deception

Answer 6

A participant should not be deceived/ lied without strong justification e.g. if revealing the deception would cause discomfort

Question 7

Privacy

Answer 7

A researcher should make it clear to the participants that they have the right to ignore any questions or aspect of the study that they do not want to engage in

Question 8

Debriefing

Answer 8

Once the study has been completed, it is important for participants to be informed of the aims, procedures and results of the study they took part in

Question 9

Replacement

Answer 9

The research team should consider using footage from the wild/ zoos as evidence

Question 10

Deprivation

Answer 10

The research team should not withhold food/ basic needs to test behaviour

Question 11

Numbers

Answer 11

The research team need to use the minimum amount of animals necessary to fulfill the aim

Question 12

Species

Answer 12

Psychologists should choose a species that is scientifically or ethically suitable for the intended usage

Question 13

Housing

Answer 13

distress should not be caused in animals who are caged in isolation or over-croweded

Question 14

anaesthesia, analgesia, euthanasia

Answer 14

minimise stress and when needed, the animal must be killed humanely using an approved technique

Question 15

Quantitative data

Answer 15

data that is numerical and can be subjected to statistical analyses

Question 16

Qualitative data

Answer 16

data that takes the form of descriptions and is rich in detail

Question 17

Quantitative strength

2

Answer 17

• allows for easier comparison and statistical analysis
• objective and scientific as there is minimal chance of psychologicsts miscalculating data and drawing invalid conclusions

Question 18

Quantitative weaknesses

2

Answer 18

• as data is numerical, you miss out on valuable information such as why that choice has been made
• reductionist as it involves researchers reducing complec ideas and behaviours into a number

Question 19

Qualitative strength

2

Answer 19

• not reductionist as the data includes rich and detailed accounts of data that represents the participants’ opinions
• as data came directly from the participant, we can understand why the participant thinks a certain way

Question 20

Qualitative weakness

2

Answer 20

• interpretation of the data could be subjective therefore a researcher coud misinterpret what the participant was meaning to say
• there may be researcher bias as the researcher might only select data that fits in with the aims of the study