Ethnic Identities - Unit 1 Section A(12,6,20)

Question 1

cashmere and troyna

Answer 1

When immigrating to the uk african carribean, indian and pakistani families faced discrimination from british peopleas a response they turned inwards- creating their own communities with people from their own ethnic backgroundsso they did not have to integrate.they had their own places of worship within the communities .eg temples, church and made their own shops
Their response to racism was to become assertive with their ethnic background rather than adopting to british.

Question 2

hebdige

Answer 2

Young black migrants responded to racist with asserting their culture - rastafarians which was seen as a religion in jamaica and in the uk they adopted this culture as a type of subculture wearing red, yellow and green and smoked cannabis and wore dreadlocks

Question 3

Ghuman

Answer 3

British asain identities valued traditions, religion and family and played a big part in the upbringing of the second generation. Asian children were socialized into the extended family with emphasis on loyalty,honour and religious commitment. E.g choosing marriage partners teaching of problems with premetrital sex ext and taught a second langauge.
Selective education that fits the religion - manipulation

Question 4

Anwar

Answer 4

Family can be a source of conflict with asian children due to westernisation(clothes,freedom, marriage) the younger generation mix with others at school who hold different cultures cause a mix of identities, which causes conflict with the parents surrounding honour
Culture clash.

Question 5

Butler

Answer 5

Muslims seen in a negative light because of wars caused by a text that promoted violence(most muslims regard this as blasphemous) however the media doesn’t show this
Media is islamophobia - fear of extremism
And islam poses a threat to british society - stoties of forced marriages
Asian families are unhealthily strong - women subordinate and portrayed victim to religion

Question 6

Watson

Answer 6

Argues there is a generation gap between muslims in britain due to the second gen hold different values to their parents gained from western culture

Question 7

driver and Ballard

Answer 7

Argue that indian value education highly and push their children to have high ambition - england having good education fuels asian parents - doctors,lawyers

Question 8

archer and Francis

Answer 8

Success of british-chineese asian and educational success is a part of their identity and when chinese boys taken part in laddish behaviour they still maintain good grades
Tiger mums - encourage high status jobs and do lots of homework and reteaching to achieve high grades.

Question 9

coard

Answer 9

Institutionally racist - curriculum has one viewpoint and ignores other cultures particularly white history/white literature.
ethnocentric- british system. - may affect minority students as they aren’t educated on their own history.

Question 10

gillborn

Answer 10

Argues that teachers are institutionally racist towards black students suggesting black males are viewed as threatening and disruptive by their teachers. As they have been negatively labelled and stereotyped they are less likely to be placed in higher sets and not entered for higher gcse tiers. This can lead to self fulling prophecy

Question 11

Alexander

Answer 11

The media create and reinforce ethinic identities by portraying ethnic minorities in a stereotypical way. Asians youths in east london have been targeted unfairly by the police and media. Argues that there is a myth of the ‘asian gang’ was created by the media with reports of violent clashes between black and asian gangs. Clashes were exaggerated by the media and she argues asians boys are criminalised

Question 12

sewell

Answer 12

hyper masculinity
Black afro caribbean boys and attempted ti explain their lower rates of education achievements. Higher crime rates and its impact on their identities. 57% of afro caribbean families were single parent families with mothers only so these boys lacked a male role model. Te boys look to rappers they see on mtv

Question 13

back

Answer 13

Studies 2 council estates in south london and found that black hite and asian youths all shared friendships, fashion music and slang. This was evidence of hybrid identities were all the youths were trying cultural masks where youths shared the same cultural borrowing was occurring where white asian youths listened to rap and reggae rather than rock music

Question 14

gill

Answer 14

Blasian and brasian hybrid identities taking on their cultures

Question 15

burdsey

Answer 15

Studied 2nd and 3rd gen british asian footballers and found they adopted an asian identity with their white families and white identity with peers. Code switching

Question 16

Nayak

Answer 16

Describes youths as white wannabe. White working class boys who adopt language and style of black culture. Wiggas and Wangstas.

Question 17

Butler

Answer 17

Believes that young asian women in britain who are second generation were not all asian culture but those aspects that they felt were outdated and inappropriate not only to themselves but also as muslims in britain

Question 18

Philips

Answer 18

Argues that the national curriculum supports a nationalsitc ideology and the history classes in particular are a key factor in creating a nation identity. The teaching of events and myth in history lessons creates a shared national conscious and collective identity where people can feel connected to history which they were not a part of.

Question 19

Schuden

Answer 19

Points out that all British people are socialised into a common culture and identity through various means. For example, English is the most commonly spoken language in the UK but Welsh Scots and Irish are taught their own culture. Newspapers are critisied for being too nationalistic

Question 20

Kumar

Answer 20

Points out that all British people are socialised into a common culture and identity through various means. For example, English is the most commonly spoken language in the UK but Welsh Scots and Irish are taught their own culture. Newspapers are critisied for being too nationalistic

Question 21

Cashmore and Troyna

Answer 21

Cultural resistance where countries resist global culture protect their cultural heritage, in turn becoming more traditionalist and nationalistic

Question 22

hewitt

Answer 22

Believes countries will have 3 reactions to believes the British has seen white backlash from white working classes against what they perceive to be preferential treatment of ehtic minorities. White youth are victimised in comparison to their minority peers

Question 23

hall

Answer 23

Believes countries will have 3 reactions to globalisation cultural homogenisation (they accept global culture and countries become more similar) , cultural hybridity (take some parts) or cultural resistance (they may resist global culture and fiercely protect their own culture

Question 24

Fairweather and rogerson

Answer 24

Cultural homogenisation is occurring due to technology not being localised with software such as microsoft reflecting western ideas and anti social behaviour. Internet reflects western ideas of morals ie racism sexism and other social issues.