Gender Identities - Unit 1 Section A(12,6,20)

Question 1

Parsons

Answer 1

expressive roles and instrumental breadwinner

- natural strength and reinforced by socialisation

Question 2

Oakley

Answer 2

verbal appellation - words like pretty or strong
canalisation - toys
manipulation - treating girls as more delicate
imitation - do what parents o

Question 3

mcrobbie

Answer 3

bedroom culture- hiding from boys to avoid risk of harassment
cult of femininity - having a best friend and going out in groups to husbands, with strong emphasis on looks and male pop star idolisation

Question 4

nakuamura

Answer 4

women are stereotyped in the media, they are use it as a form of support through digital communication when facing inequality

Question 5

Billington

Answer 5

media represents masculinity as dominant and felinity as subordinate

Question 6

ferguson

Answer 6

magazine - women based on cult of felinity - encourages child bearing roles
mens are sexualising women

Question 7

mitos and Browne

Answer 7

boys in school do worse than girls because the teachers are less strict giving them leeway to underachieve - boys are labelled disruptive and anti learning culture is a norm

Question 8

willis

Answer 8

workplace created to reinforce gender identity as it’s a source of males dominance e.g factory work - heavy lift - defined by this - lad culture - messing about and reinforces bread winner role

Question 9

Skelton

Answer 9

hidden curriculum - girls being policed more harshly for their uniform

Question 10

kelly

Answer 10

Science is a more masculine subject - textbooks contain pictures of things boys would find interesting e.g cars in physics and boys are more dominant in the classroom e.g shouting out and grabbing equipment.

Question 11

colley

Answer 11

school subjects are affected by perceptions on gender roles - what’s typically masculine and how they have been socialised.
subject preferences - more likely to choose science in all girl school

Question 12

Mac an ghail

Answer 12

the masculinity crisis - working men had to turn to more feminised jobs as there was a loss of traditional working jobs and didn’t know how to keep the lad culture

Question 13

Adkins

Answer 13

gendered labour market horizontal segregation -men and women interests are very different - men are theme park operator and women work in the restaurants
vertical - more senior roles offered to men

Question 14

connell

Answer 14

postmodernist -
multiple identities
hegemonic - traditional masculinity
complicit masculinity - men and women should share roles (new man)
subordinate masculinity - e.g homosexuals less masculine status
marginalised masculinity - do traditional manual labour jobs an feel masculinity is under threat

Question 15

mort

Answer 15

consumption patterns of men changing due to sexualisation of men in media - laundrette ad

Question 16

nixon

Answer 16

new man - more fluidity - wearing beauty products

Question 17

Jackson

Answer 17

Being feminine or masculine is a taught concept and are sanctioned if not abided by
Ladettes - more boisterous women who drink and are loud ext.
Assertive femininity- women adopting male qualities
They are portrayed in the media as being bad e.g blamed for cancer and having temper problems or child neglect and alcoholism.
Ladette more policed by teachers than lads

Question 18

McCormack

Answer 18

English 6 formers more accepting as people on sexuality and gender fluidity

Question 19

Mac an ghail

Answer 19

heterosexual boys 3 fs football fighting and fucking, which wa down to having surpressed emotions, which were not socially acceptable in traditional male stereotypes e.g love, venting as this was feminised

Question 20

Macintosh

Answer 20

There are expectations that go along with being homosexual e.g effeminate mannerisms higher pitched voice ext. When the male has accepted his identity he will adopt these traits, however if he still identifies as straight even admitting to an attraction to males he hasn’t accepted it

Question 21

rich

Answer 21

Argues that women’s sexuality is oppressed by men in a patriarchal way through institutions like marriage, sexual violence and objectification of women.
Compulsory heterosexuality -women are socialised into the subordinate role ensuring availability to men - lesbians are seen as more abnormal since it’s a threat to male dominance

Question 22

weeks

Answer 22

dominant sexual codes and socialisation into sexuality - being gay is making a statment being straight doesnt have the same effect.

Question 23

Plummer

Answer 23

Homosexuality is a process (homoecual career). Homosexual subculture and they seek each other out. Stereotypical homosexual characteristocs become the norm. - peers in education