ethnicity 20 marker Flashcards
(4 cards)
The first paragraph of ethnicity 20 marker - attainment of ethnic groups
The first area of social life where we see ethnic inequality is education especially when looking at the attainment within ethnic groups. The first piece of evidence that demonstrates this is attainment data from the Department for Education in 2023/24 (Key Stage 4 performance data). The attainment 8 score at KS4 , Black Caribbean students had an attainment 8 score of 39.6 in the year 23/24 whereas white British students gain an attainment 8 score of 44.2 Critical race theorist would explain this inequality is due to institutional racism, critical race theorist argue that ethnicity has a huge impact on the life chances of an individual Gillborn argues that racism is structural . Institutional racism exist in the education system. With his study he found that teachers have racialised “expectations” of Black Caribbean students in particular and tend to interpret the behaviour of these students as being threatening and challenging. This can lead to Black Caribbean students being placed in low sets and streams which in turn impacts their expectations of themselves, and the amount of attention and support they will receive from teachers. This may explain the low attainment on average of Black Caribbean students at GCSE level
The second paragraph of the ethnicity 20 marker -exclusion rates of black Caribbean students
Another piece of evidence that suggest that there is ethnic inequalities is looking at exclusion rates in secondary school. This can be seen in Department for education 2022/23. Where The exclusion rates Black Caribbean have a higher rates of exclusion rates than white British. as The total rate of exclusion for black Caribbean students is 0.16 where as white British students the total rate of exclusion is 0.09. Labelling theory would expalin this inequality is due to the labels given to pupils by their teachers. This theory focuses on the different labels teachers give to children from different ethnic backgrounds. Their studies show that teachers often see black and Asian pupils as being far from the ‘ideal pupil’.this is further highlighted in the work of becker Howard Becker argues thatteachers positively or negatively label pupils based on their preconceived assumptions of an ideal pupil in terms of ethnicity, this means some groups may be more likely to be negatively labelled than others. This can impact their attainment because students internalise these labels at it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy This means students will live up to the expectations teachers have of them.this highlights how individuals from an ethnic background are unable to gain an unfair advantage due to the labels given to them by their teachers.
The third paragraph of the ethnicity 20 marker -security of employment for ethnic groups
Another area of social life where we see ethnic inequality is employment especially when examining the security of employment for ethnic groups. This can be seen “Insecure work and Ethnicity”, TUC (2017) where We find 1 in 13 BAME employees are in insecure work, and strikingly 1 in 8 Black employees are in insecure work, the average is 1 in 17.This analysis show that Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are persistently disadvantaged in the labour market. Overall, the employment rates for White people (76.1 percent) is significantly higher than for those from a minority ethnic group (64.2 percent).Not only are these workers more likely to be in temporary work, they have also experienced the largest increase in the number of people in temporary jobs between 2011 and 2016, with a striking 58 percent increase, compared to an overall increase of 11 per cent. 42 percent of Black workers are in all temporary work because they cannot find a permanent job, compared to 31 percent of the total temporary workforce. Weberians would explain this inequality is caused due a lack of power. Weberians argue that power is key to understanding inequalities between ethnic group. ethnic minorities experience discrimination and inequality because they have less economic, social and political power and become trapped in the secondary labour market and thus contributing to the underclass this highlighted in the work of rex and Tomlinson this is because they found that due to a lack of class party and status , individuals are unable to escape this underclass mainly because of they way of employment policies ,laws and labour market have developed. This results in ethnic minorities being trapped in a cycle of inequality when comes to employment
The final paragraph of ethnicity 20 marker - discrimination of recruitment process
Another piece of evidence that suggest that there is ethnic inequalities Is when examining discrimination when looking at the recruitment process this can be seen in wood et al (2010) where sent three closely matched job applications to each of almost 1,000 job vacancies. These came from fictitious applicants using names associated with different ethnic groups. For each job, one application appeared to come from a white person and two from members of minority groups. Wood et al found that only one in 16 ‘ethnic minority’ applications were offered an interview, as against one in nine ‘white’ applications. This can be highlighted by critical race theory. That is institutional racism is a locked in feature of society and influence all major areas of society such as employment this does not allows for certain ethnic backgrounds
