Etruscan & Roman Art

Question 1

ID - Apollo

Answer 1

Etruscan, Archaic Period 6th Century BCE

Question 2

ID - Reclining Couple Sarcophagus

Answer 2

Etruscan, Archaic Period 6th Century BCE

Question 3

ID - Head of an Old Man

Answer 3

Roman, Roman Republic Period

Question 4

ID - Temple of Fortuna Virilis

Answer 4

Roman, Roman Republic Period

Question 5

ID - Augustus of Primaporta

Answer 5

Roman, Early Empire Period

Question 6

ID - The Arch of Titus

Answer 6

Roman, Early Empire Period

Question 7

ID - Pont-du-Gard

Answer 7

Roman, Early Empire Period

Question 8

ID - The Colosseum

Answer 8

Roman, Early Empire Period

Question 9

ID - Pantheon

Answer 9

Roman, High Empire Period

Question 10

ID - The Tetrarchs

Answer 10

Roman, Late Empire Period

Question 11

What were the two main architectural advances of the Etruscans?

Answer 11

Masonry architecture and atrium houses (apparently? she said that in class but i think that tumuli are important too)

Question 12

What was the most common Etruscan painting technique?

Answer 12

Fresco

Question 13

What characterizes Etruscan sculpture?

Answer 13

Motion, power, dynamism

Question 14

What do Etruscan frescos provide?

Answer 14

The most important example of pre-Roman figurative art

Question 15

Who supposedly founded Rome?

Answer 15

Romulus, after killing Remus

Question 16

What is another common name for the Etruscan culture? (This is definitely on the test)

Answer 16

The Monarchy Period (in relation to Roman history)

Question 17

What are the origins of the Etruscans?

Answer 17

It is a mystery

Question 18

What was the role of women in Etruscan society?

Answer 18

They had independence and freedom

Question 19

How did the Etruscans treat death?

Answer 19

As a celebration

Question 20

What was a tumulus?

Answer 20

A circular artificial hill that served as a family tomb, often decorated to be identical to the family’s home

Question 21

What material was used to build tumuli?

Answer 21

Tufa (local limestone)

Question 22

What type of arch is the “Arch of Constantine”?

Answer 22

Triple & triumphal arch

Question 23

What is significant about the placement of the “Constatine the Great” sculpture in the apse of the Basilica Nova?

Answer 23

It showed his power

Question 24

What were the Roman basilicas used for and what did they precede?

Answer 24

Courts of law; Christian basilicas (used as churches)

Question 25

When did Constantine legalize Christianity?

Answer 25

313 CE

Question 26

When did Constantine recognize Christianity as the official religion of Rome?

Answer 26

325 CE

Question 27

What was very important in Roman architecture?

Answer 27

Interior space

Question 28

What characterizes Roman art as a whole?

Answer 28

It makes use of classical forms but expresses non-classical concepts

Question 29

Where was Rome's genius found?

Answer 29

Law, government, engineering, architecture, and the creation of concrete

Question 30

What were Rome's energies?

Answer 30

Conquest & administration (includes architecture)

Question 31

What was the preferred sculptural medium of the Etruscans?

Answer 31

Clay or bronze

Question 32

What is the sculpture "Head of an Old Man" an example of?

Answer 32

Verism

Question 33

What is verism?

Answer 33

Truth in sculpture; naturalism

Question 34

Name an example of religious architecture from the Roman Republic Period.

Answer 34

Temple of Fortuna Virilis

Question 35

What are engaged columns?

Answer 35

Decorative columns that are attached to exterior walls and serve no function

Question 36

Name an example of domestic architecture from the Roman Republic Period.

Answer 36

Atrium of the House of the Vettii

Question 37

What is a compluvium?

Answer 37

A rectangular opening in the ceiling of an atrium

Question 38

What is an impluvium?

Answer 38

A basin in the floor of an atrium

Question 39

What are the styles of wall painting?

Answer 39

Masonry (marble illusion), Illusionistic (narrative, architectural/perspective, landscape), Ornate (subdivided panels), and Intricate (combination of all)

Question 40

What sculpture was the base for the "Augustus of Primaporta"?

Answer 40

"Doryphoros" by Polykleitos

Question 41

What change did the Romans make to Polykleitos's statue?

Answer 41

They added a veristic head, in contrast to the idealized style of the original statue

Question 42

What type of monument is the "Ara Pacis"?

Answer 42

Sculptural & commemorative

Question 43

What does the "Ara Pacis" represent?

Answer 43

The 41 years of peace under the rule of Augustus

Question 44

What type of arch is the "Arch of Titus"?

Answer 44

Triumphal arch & commemorative monument

Question 45

What is a triumphal arch?

Answer 45

An "ancient billboard" which displays ancestry or deeds of the owner (usually the emperor)

Question 46

What can both the "Pont-du-Gard" and the "Colosseum" be considered?

Answer 46

Triumphs of Roman engineering

Question 47

What architectural advancements were essential to the construction of the "Pont-du-Gard" and the "Colosseum"?

Answer 47

The invention of concrete and barrel & groin vaults (know what they look like!)

Question 48

Without what would there be no Rome?

Answer 48

Water, and by extension aqueducts

Question 49

What does the "Column of Trajan" function as?

Answer 49

A sculptural & commemorative monument with a continuous narrative (important) that displays "content over form" (very important) with a tomb at the base

Question 50

What classification of architecture is the "Pantheon"?

Answer 50

Religious

Question 51

What enabled the dome of the "Pantheon" to remain stable?

Answer 51

Concrete, coffered dome, and oculus

Question 52

What is an ambulatory?

Answer 52

A walkway

Question 53

What is an insula?

Answer 53

A Roman apartment building

Question 54

What is a domus?

Answer 54

A Roman single family home

Question 55

What standard does the "Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius" set?

Answer 55

The style and pose of basically every equestrian statue ever

Question 56

Who was Marcus Aurelius?

Answer 56

The last great Roman Imperial Emperor

Question 57

What is important about the "Tetrarchs" sculpture?

Answer 57

It was abstract representation of a form of government: complete departure from the idealism of Greece and the verism of the Roman Republic

Question 58

Name an example of civic architecture & its time period.

Answer 58

Basilicas, Late Empire Period