Eukaryotes pt.1

Question 1

What are the three types of microscopic eukaryotes?

Answer 1

1. Fungi
2. Protozoa
3. Helminths

Question 2

What are the main differences of the flagella of eurkaryotic cells?

Answer 2

• Covered by cell membrane (thicker)
• a 9+2 microtubule arrangement
• move in a whiplash manner

Question 3

What are cilia?

Answer 3

External structure, used for motility, found only in Protozoa and animal cells

Question 4

What is the arrangement of cilia?

Answer 4

More common than flagella. 9+2 microtubule arrangement.

Question 5

Where are the glycocalyx located on eukarotic cells?

Answer 5

Make direct contact with the outside environment.

Question 6

What is the purpose of the glycocalyx of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Protection and adherence

Question 7

What type of eukaryotic cells have a cell wall?

Answer 7

Only Fungi and Algae

Question 8

How are the layers of the cell walls of eukaryotic cells composed?

Answer 8

Thick inner layer (made of chitin or cellulose)

and

thin outer layer (mixed glycans)

Question 9

How is the nucleus of eukaryotic cells composed?

Answer 9

Surrounded by nuclear envelope with holes call nuclear pores for transportation into nucleus.

Question 10

What structure is found within the nucleus?

What is its purpose?

Answer 10

Nucleolus

• site of rRNA ribosome synthesis
• houses chromosomes

Question 11

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (purpose) of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 11

Tunnel network used for transportation and storage.

Question 12

Where is the rough ER of eukaryotic cells located?

Answer 12

Starts at nuclear envelope

ends at cell membrane

Question 13

What is the purpose of the rough ER?

Answer 13

Transports material/ ribosomes (rough) from nucleus to cytoplasm to cell exterior.

Question 14

What is the smooth ER and what is ts purpose.

Answer 14

Closed tubular network used for processing nutrients and synthesizing lipids.

Question 15

What is the golgi complex (purpose) of eukarotic cells?

Answer 15

Non continuous organelle, where proteins are modified and transported

Question 16

What are the folds and inside of the ER and Golgi known as?

Answer 16

folds= cisternae

inside= lumen

Question 17

The ER is the site of ____ where the golgi receives ____.

Answer 17

Transition vesicle

proteins

Question 18

What macromolecules do the golgi complex add?

Answer 18

Polysaccharide and lipids

Question 19

The golgi complex is the site of ______ ______ where material is sent to lysosome or outside cell.

Answer 19

Condensing Vesicle

Question 20

What are lysosomes and where are they made?

Answer 20

Vesicle organelle made in the golgi.

Question 21

Where are the enzymes of lysosomes made?

Answer 21

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What are the jobs of Lysosomes?

Answer 22

1. Intracellular digestion
2. Degrading old organells
3. Protection from invading microorganisms

Question 23

What are vacuoles (purpose)?

Answer 23

Membrane bound sacs used for

1. Digestion
2. Storage of fats and glycogen
3. Excretion (protozoa expel water)

Question 24

How do vacuoles become suited for digestion?

Answer 24

Fuse with lysosome to become phagosome.

Question 25

What are the jobs of mitochondria?

Answer 25

* Supplies power * Enzymes and electron carrier for _aerobic respiration_

Question 26

Why is it theorized that mitochondria are descendents of bacteria?

Answer 26

Divide independently from cell. Have circular DNA Have different sized ribosomes (similar to bacteria)

Question 27

* What are Chloroplasts? * What is their purpose?

Answer 27

* Organells found in algae and plant cells. * Produces organic nutrients for other organisms and produces oxygen gas

Question 28

What are thylakoids of chloroplasts? What is their purpose?

Answer 28

Sacs in the membranes of chroplasts. Turn into granum that contain **chlorophyll** for photosynthesis

Question 29

What is the stroma of chloroplasts and what is its purpose?

Answer 29

Surrounds thylakoids Used in carb synthesis