Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Organelle

Answer 1

Small structure within a cell that carries out specific cellular functions

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

contain and protect DNA, transcription, partial assembly of ribosomes (2 membranes)

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

produce ATP via the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (2 membranes)

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

synthesize proteins

Question 5

RER

Answer 5

location of synthesis/modification of secretory, membrane-bound, and organelle proteins

Question 6

SER

Answer 6

detoxification and glycogen breakdown in liver; steroid synthesis in gonads

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

modification and sorting of proteins, some synthesis

Question 8

lysosomes

Answer 8

contain acid hydrolases which digest various substances

Question 9

peroxisomes

Answer 9

metabolize lipids and toxins using H2O2

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

region within nucleus which functions as a ribosome factory

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

site of oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

Maternal Inheritance

Answer 12

mitochondria are inherited only from the mother, since the cytoplasm of the egg becomes the cytoplasm of the zygote

Question 13

Functions of Golgi Apparatus (3)

Answer 13

1) Modification of proteins made in the RER; especially important is the modification of oligosaccharide chains
2) Sorting and sending proteins to their correct destinations
3) The golgi also synthesize certain macromolecules, such as polysaccharides to be secreted

Question 14

crinophagy

Answer 14

refers to lysosomal digestion of unneeded (excess) secretory products