General Biochemistry

Question 1

Hydrolase

Answer 1

hydrolyzes chemical bonds (includes ATPases, proteases, and others)

Question 2

Isomerase

Answer 2

rearranges bonds within a molecule to form an isomer

Question 3

Ligase

Answer 3

forms a chemical bond (e.g., DNA ligase)

Question 4

Lyase

Answer 4

breaks chemical bonds by means other than oxidation or hydrolysis (e.g., pyruvate decarboxylase)

Question 5

Kinase

Answer 5

transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from a high energy carrier, such as ATP (e.g., phosphofructokinase [PFK])

Question 6

Oxidoreductase

Answer 6

runs redox reactions (includes oxidases, reductases, dehydrogenases, and others)

Question 7

Polymerase

Answer 7

polymerization (e.g., addition of nucleotides to the leading strand of DNA by DNA Pol III)

Question 8

Phosphatase

Answer 8

removes a phosphate group from a molecule

Question 9

Phosphorylase

Answer 9

transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from inorganic phosphate (e.g., glycogen phosphorylase)

Question 10

Protease

Answer 10

hydrolyzes peptide bonds (e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, etc.)

Question 11

Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 11

molecules that compete with substrate for binding to the active site (no change in Vmax, Km increases)

Question 12

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Answer 12

binds at an allosteric site (Vmax decreases, no change in Km)

Question 13

Uncompetitive Inhibitor

Answer 13

The inhibitor is only able to bind to the enzyme-substrate complex (limits the amount of available ES complex which can be converted to product) (Vmax decreases and Km decreases)

Question 14

Mixed-Type

Answer 14

Occurs when an inhibitor can bind to either the unoccupied enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complex (Vmax decreases and change in Km varies)