Learning, Memory, and Behavior

Question 1

Nonassociative Learning

Answer 1

Occurs when an organism is repeatedly exposed to one type of stimulus

Question 2

Habit

Answer 2

An action that is performed repeatedly until it becomes automatic

Question 3

Habtuation

Answer 3

When a person learns to tune out the stimulus of a habit

Question 4

Dishabituation

Answer 4

Occurs when the previously habituated stimulus is removed

Question 5

Sensitization

Answer 5

an increase in the responsiveness due to either a repeated application of a stimulus or particularly aversive or noxious stimulus

Question 6

Associative Learning

Answer 6

Describes a process of learning in which one event, object, or action is directly connected with another

Question 7

Classical Conditioning

Answer 7

A process in which two stimuli are paired in such a way that the response to one of the stimuli changes

Question 8

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 8

A stimulus that initially does not elicit any intrinsic response

Question 9

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 9

a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response (or like a reflex)

Question 10

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 10

An originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus until it can produce the conditioned response

Question 11

Conditioned Response

Answer 11

the learned response to the conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Acquistion

Answer 12

refers to the process of learning the conditioned response

Question 13

Extinction

Answer 13

in classical conditioning, occurs when the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are no longer paired, so the conditioned response eventually stops

Question 14

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 14

When an extinct conditioned response occurs again when the conditioned stimuli is presented after some period of time

Question 15

Generalization

Answer 15

refers to the process by which stimuli other than the original conditioned stimulus elicit the conditioned response

Question 16

Discrimination

Answer 16

occurs when the conditioned stimulus is differentiated from other stimuli

Question 17

Operant Conditioning

Answer 17

Using reinforcement and punishment to mold behavior and eventually cause associative learning

Question 18

Reinforcement

Answer 18

anything that will increase the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated

Question 19

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 19

some sort of positive stimulus that occurs immediately following a behavior

Question 20

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 20

some sort of negative stimulus that is removed immediately following a behavior

Question 21

Primary Reinforcers

Answer 21

somehow innately satisfying or desirable

Question 22

Secondary Reinforcers

Answer 22

those that are learned to be reinforcers