Evidence Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is evidence in the context of policing?
Anything that can be used to help establish facts.
Evidence is crucial for forming a complete understanding of an incident.
Why is evidence considered complex?
It is rarely conclusive on its own and usually needs to be combined with other pieces to create a fuller picture.
Like a jigsaw puzzle, individual pieces of evidence contribute to the overall understanding.
What is best evidence?
The object used in the crime, for example, the knife used in a stabbing.
Best evidence provides the most direct link to the crime.
What is secondary evidence?
Evidence that serves as a substitute when the best evidence is unavailable or lost, such as a picture or exhibit of the best evidence.
Secondary evidence helps to fill gaps when primary evidence cannot be obtained.
What is hearsay evidence?
Evidence based on what someone has heard, without direct knowledge or facts.
Hearsay evidence is often less reliable because it lacks firsthand experience.
What constitutes digital evidence?
Anything obtained via IT.
Digital evidence can include emails, texts, and other digital communications.
What is forensic evidence?
DNA, fingerprints, and fiber.
Forensic evidence is often used to link a suspect to a crime scene.
What is oral evidence?
Captured in a statement or via Body-Worn Video (BWV) testimony.
Oral evidence is vital for understanding witness accounts and testimonies.
What is evidence-in-chief?
All of the evidence presented, including interviews and statements.
Evidence-in-chief is essential for establishing the narrative of the case.
What is the role of a constable regarding seizure on premises?
A constable who is lawfully on any premises may seize anything if he has reasonable grounds for believing it has been obtained in consequence of an offence and is necessary to prevent it being concealed, lost, damaged, altered, or destroyed.
This is specified under Section 19 PACE (Police and Criminal Evidence Act).
What must a constable believe to seize evidence on premises?
The constable must have reasonable grounds for believing that the item is evidence in relation to an offence being investigated or any other offence.
The necessity to seize it is to prevent the evidence from being concealed, lost, altered, or destroyed.
What type of material is excluded from seizure under Section 19 PACE?
Medical records.
This exclusion is important for protecting personal privacy and confidentiality.
Fill in the blank: A constable may seize anything on the premises if he has reasonable grounds for believing it is _______.
evidence in relation to an offence.
What forms of evidence can be captured in a statement or via BWV?
Testimony.
BWV stands for Body Worn Video, which is often used in policing.
What must be included in the evidence presented by the amiance in-Chief?
All of the evidence including the interview, statements, etc.
True or False: A constable can seize items without being lawfully on the premises.
False.
What is the P stand for in PLAN?
Proportionate
The L in PLAN stands for :
- Legislation
- Legal
- Law
- Legal
