evolution 1

Question 1

who was an English Naturalist that journeyed across the globe and came up with the theory of evolution?

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

evidence

Answer 2

the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid

Question 3

species

Answer 3

a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.

Question 4

adaption

Answer 4

a trait that helps an organism survive and grow into its current environment.

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species

Question 6

fossil

Answer 6

the preserved remains or traces of an organism that usually lived in the past

Question 7

gradualism

Answer 7

a opinion by members of that profession in evolutionary theory maintaining that species evolve slowly and continuously over long periods of geological time.

Question 8

punctuated equilibria

Answer 8

accounts for the gaps in the fossil record

Question 9

homology

Answer 9

a structural similarity based on a common ancestor

Question 10

lineage

Answer 10

the line of descendants of a particular ancestor; family

Question 11

naturalist

Answer 11

a person who studies nature

Question 12

speciation

Answer 12

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Question 13

extinction

Answer 13

the state or process of a species, family, or larger group no longer in existence

Question 14

where did the HMS Beagle travel to?

Answer 14

Britain to South America to the Falkland Islands to the Galapagos Islands to New Zealand to Australia to Africa and back to Britain over the course of 5 years

Question 15

what types of fossils are there?

Answer 15

molds and casts, petrified fossils, trace fossils, preserved remains

Question 16

what is a mold?

Answer 16

a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism. it forms when the hard part of the organism is buried in sediment.

Question 17

what is a cast?

Answer 17

a solid copy of the shape of an organism. it forms when water with minerals seeps into the empty space of a mold.

Question 18

what is a petrified fossil?

Answer 18

a fossil in which the minerals replace all or part of an organism. it forms when water with dissolved minerals soaks into the organism. over time, the minerals come out and harden.

Question 19

what is a trace fossil?

Answer 19

a fossil that provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms. it forms when sediment buries the evidence, then the sediment becomes rock, preserving the evidence.

Question 20

what are preserved remains?

Answer 20

the rarest form of fossils is when the entire body of an organism is totally preserved with all the skin and hair still on it. it forms when an organism becomes stuck in a sticky substance (amber or tar) or falls into a liquid then hardens (ice or mud). only occurs in low oxygen situations. (mummification also counts)

Question 21

what does natural selection operate under?

Answer 21

the influence of overproduction, competition, variation, and geographic isolation

Question 22

when will speciation occur?

Answer 22

speciation will occur when the natural selection factors cause populations to successfully diverge(to differ)

Question 23

when will extinction occur?

Answer 23

extinction will occur when species fail to adapt to natural selection factors

Question 24

structural homology

Answer 24

similar structures inherited from a common ancestor

Question 25

developmental homology

Answer 25

from fertilization on, related groups grow along similar pathways

Question 26

DNA sequence homology

Answer 26

structural homology and developmental homology come directly from an inherited genome through common ancestry

Question 27

what is the fossil record?

Answer 27

the fossil record of a lineage is the sum total of direct and indirect evidence

Question 28

can gradualism and punctuated equilibria both occur at the same time?

Answer 28

both gradualism and punctuated equilibria may be operating at once on Earth, depending on the lineage

Question 29

factors in action 1

Answer 29

overproduction (biotic) | many animals give birth to much more offspring than could survive.

Question 30

factors in action 2

Answer 30

variation (biotic) | each offspring has slightly different traits.

Question 31

factors in action 3

Answer 31

``` competition offspring must compete for limited resources like food, space, and breeding. A: intraspecific competition with members of the same species B: interspecific competition between members of different species ```

Question 32

factors in action 4

Answer 32

abiotic selection the connection between variations in the genome of a species and the environment it faces create a pattern of selective advantage

Question 33

factors in action 5

Answer 33

survival and reproduction only a few offspring survive long enough to reproduce. the new offspring may inherit the favorable traits of the parents.

Question 34

abiotic

Answer 34

nonliving things

Question 35

biotic

Answer 35

living things

Question 36

robust

Answer 36

strong, reliable, convincing