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Science > evolution 1 > Flashcards

evolution 1 Flashcards

1
Q

who was an English Naturalist that journeyed across the globe and came up with the theory of evolution?

A

Charles Darwin

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2
Q

evidence

A

the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid

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3
Q

species

A

a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.

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4
Q

adaption

A

a trait that helps an organism survive and grow into its current environment.

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5
Q

natural selection

A

individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species

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6
Q

fossil

A

the preserved remains or traces of an organism that usually lived in the past

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7
Q

gradualism

A

a opinion by members of that profession in evolutionary theory maintaining that species evolve slowly and continuously over long periods of geological time.

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8
Q

punctuated equilibria

A

accounts for the gaps in the fossil record

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9
Q

homology

A

a structural similarity based on a common ancestor

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10
Q

lineage

A

the line of descendants of a particular ancestor; family

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11
Q

naturalist

A

a person who studies nature

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12
Q

speciation

A

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

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13
Q

extinction

A

the state or process of a species, family, or larger group no longer in existence

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14
Q

where did the HMS Beagle travel to?

A

Britain to South America to the Falkland Islands to the Galapagos Islands to New Zealand to Australia to Africa and back to Britain over the course of 5 years

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15
Q

what types of fossils are there?

A

molds and casts, petrified fossils, trace fossils, preserved remains

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16
Q

what is a mold?

A

a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism. it forms when the hard part of the organism is buried in sediment.

17
Q

what is a cast?

A

a solid copy of the shape of an organism. it forms when water with minerals seeps into the empty space of a mold.

18
Q

what is a petrified fossil?

A

a fossil in which the minerals replace all or part of an organism. it forms when water with dissolved minerals soaks into the organism. over time, the minerals come out and harden.

19
Q

what is a trace fossil?

A

a fossil that provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms. it forms when sediment buries the evidence, then the sediment becomes rock, preserving the evidence.

20
Q

what are preserved remains?

A

the rarest form of fossils is when the entire body of an organism is totally preserved with all the skin and hair still on it. it forms when an organism becomes stuck in a sticky substance (amber or tar) or falls into a liquid then hardens (ice or mud). only occurs in low oxygen situations. (mummification also counts)

21
Q

what does natural selection operate under?

A

the influence of overproduction, competition, variation, and geographic isolation

22
Q

when will speciation occur?

A

speciation will occur when the natural selection factors cause populations to successfully diverge(to differ)

23
Q

when will extinction occur?

A

extinction will occur when species fail to adapt to natural selection factors

24
Q

structural homology

A

similar structures inherited from a common ancestor

25
Q

developmental homology

A

from fertilization on, related groups grow along similar pathways

26
Q

DNA sequence homology

A

structural homology and developmental homology come directly from an inherited genome through common ancestry

27
Q

what is the fossil record?

A

the fossil record of a lineage is the sum total of direct and indirect evidence

28
Q

can gradualism and punctuated equilibria both occur at the same time?

A

both gradualism and punctuated equilibria may be operating at once on Earth, depending on the lineage

29
Q

factors in action 1

A

overproduction (biotic)

many animals give birth to much more offspring than could survive.

30
Q

factors in action 2

A

variation (biotic)

each offspring has slightly different traits.

31
Q

factors in action 3

A 
competition
offspring must compete for limited resources like food, space, and breeding. 
A: intraspecific competition
with members of the same species
B: interspecific competition
between members of different species
32
Q

factors in action 4

A

abiotic selection
the connection between variations in the genome of a species and the environment it faces create a pattern of selective advantage

33
Q

factors in action 5

A

survival and reproduction
only a few offspring survive long enough to reproduce. the new offspring may inherit the favorable traits of the parents.

34
Q

abiotic

A

nonliving things

35
Q

biotic

A

living things

36
Q

robust

A

strong, reliable, convincing

Science (9 decks)

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