the life of a cell Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is the DNA structure?
Thymine=Adenine
Guanine=Cytosine
(nitrogen bases)
Deoxyribose (longer one on the outside)
phosphate (shorter one on outside)
what happens in Metaphase?
-paired chromosomes doubled during Interphase, line up at the center of the cell and attach to the SFA
what are the three things that happen in Interphase?
growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division
what happens when DNA replication occurs?
DNA replication begins when the two sides of the DNA molecule unwind and separate, somewhat like a zipper unzipping. the molecule separates between the paired nitrogen bases.next, nitrogen bases that are floating in the nucleus pair up with the bases on each half of the DNA molecule.
what phases are there in Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
what happens in Anaphase?
-doubled chromosomes split at the centromere and begin to move to opposite sides of the cell
what happens in Cytokinesis?
when the cell divides into two equal “daughters” and then enter and Interphase of their own.
what happens in telophase?
now that each new daughter cell is equipped with a full set of DNA, the cell begins to divide. Prophase events are REVERSED. [chromatin diffuses, SFA breaks down and nuclear membrane reforms.]
what happens in Prophase?
-Chromatin condenses and becomes visible as chromosomes -spindle fiber apparatus (SFA) forms and will be the thing that moves the chromosomes -nuclear membrane breaks down
what does Cytokinesis mean?
cyto –> cell kin –> move sis –> process
what are the nitrogen bases of DNA?
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
what is the language of DNA?
letters–>nitrogen bases [a-t, g-c] only!
words–>codons [3 N-bases together]
sentences–>genes [codons together]
story–>genome [all genes together]
what is cell differentiation?
differentiation is the process by which cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions.
how do cells differentiates?
once a cell’s future has been determined, when and how much it changes depends on its DNA, its function, and the type of organism.
why do cells differentiate?
cells differentiate to become specialized cell to preform certain functions.
what is the cell, tissue, organ, and organ system organization?
at first, cells group into tissue. such cells work together, carrying out specific functions. for example, muscle cells in animals become organized into long strands of muscle tissue that can move legs or arms. groups of tissue can combine to form organs, such as the roots of a plant or the stomach of an animal. systems, such as the digestive systems, begin to function as organs and tissues work together.
how long is interphase in a liver cell and what happens during that time period?
21 hours
growth takes 9 hours
DNA replication takes 10 hours
preparation for division takes two hours
how long is the length of a cell cycle?
22 hours
how long does mitosis and cytokinesis take and what happens during that time period?
1 hour
cell division takes 1 hour
what would the bases on the other strand be if one strand was:
GTACCTG
CATGGAC
what would the bases on the other strand be if one strand was:
TTCGACG
AAGCTGC
what would the bases on the other strand be if one strand was:
TGCAGACTC
ACGTCTGAG
why would these bases on the other strand appear?
they would appear because the letters are like an alphabet and nitrogen bases have strict pairing rules.
