evolution Flashcards
(46 cards)
what is scientific hypothesis
a statement that provides one possible answer to a
question, or a possible explanation for an observation.
what is scientific theory
a general statement made based on hypotheses that lead to
successful predictions
what is evolution
the process of genetic change in a population overtime due to interactions between biotic anabiotic factors
what did plato (greek philosopher) declare
Every organism is an example of a perfect essence or
type created by God, and that these types are
unchanging. Variations were to be ignored, and instead focus on the
perfect type.
Who had typological thinking
plato
what did Aristotle declare
Aristotle ordered organisms into a linear
scheme called the Great Chain of Being.
Species were organized into a graded
scale of perfection based on increased
size and complexity, with humans at the
top.
what is the Great Chain of Being
artistotles organization of organisms into the scale of perfection with people at the top
what did John ray declare
developed a classification system for plants and animals based on anatomy and physiology.
what did Carolus Linnaeus develop (declare)
developed binomial nomenclature
What did Buffon declare
as someone who studied biogeography and anatomy, he said that life forms are changing
PALEONTOLOGY is the study of
fossils
Georges Cuvier declared
science of palaeontology. Each layer of rock has a unique fossil species. Deeper the layer, the more dissimilar species are. New species appear overtime and others dissapear
Georges Cuvier infered that
Earth experienced revolutions, which were violent enough to have killed numerous species.
what are revolutions
many destructive natural events in the past
what is CATASTROPHISM
catastrophes destroyed species living in an area, allowing species from neighbouring regions to repopulate the area.
who rejected catastrophism
Charles Lyell
What did Charles Lyell declare
UNIFORMITARIANISM: If geologic changes are slow and continuous
rather than catastrophic, the Earth must be over
6000 years old. Slow subtle processes can occur over long periods
of time leading to big changes (i.e. build and erode
mountains, floods).
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck declared
suggested that characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime can be passed on to its offspring. USE AND DISUSE: which
suggests that body parts not used would eventually
disappear. (the dumbass one)
Thomas Malthus declared
populations multiply faster than the
food supply. Populations are kept in check by famine
and/or disease.
Who influenced Darwins theory
Thomas Malthus
Charles Darwin declared
variation in a population was the key to understanding species.
Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
individuals with traits that helped
them survive their local environments were likely
to survive and pass on these traits to their
offspring. (Natural selection)
What word did Darwin never use in his book (Origin of species) and what word did he use instead
didn’tt use evolution, used decent with modification
why didn’t Darwin use the word evolution in his book
species in the past are our ancestors and does not have a set linear direction, it instead is based off of natural selection.
