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psychology > evolution and human behaviour > Flashcards

evolution and human behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

what are 5 mechanisms of biological evolution

A

natural selection
sexual selection
mutation
gene flow
gene drift

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2
Q

what are the 3 pillars of natural selection

A

competition
variation
heritability

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3
Q

what happens quicker, genetic heritability or natural selection

A

natural selection

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4
Q

what do genes contain

A

proteins

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5
Q

where are genes found

A

on strands of dna

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6
Q

what did gregor Mendel 1865 discover

A

there are 2 versions of a gene in an organism, one from each parent

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7
Q

what is genetic drift

A

variation in frequency of different genotypes in a small population due to chance dissappearance of genes dying or not reproducing

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8
Q

whats gene flow

A

movement of genes into or out of a population, may lead to migration of organisms

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9
Q

everyone has diff genetic makeup except?

A

mono zygotic twins

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10
Q

what does ricjard Dawkins say about genes

A

-are a unit of selection in biological evolution
- genes are self interested

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11
Q

what is it meant by biological fitness

A

number of copies of genes passed onto future generation

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12
Q

what is INTERsexual selection

A

-when one gender makes mate choices based on a specific characteristic of the other gender
-gametic investment
prefferred mate choice

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13
Q

what is INTRAsexual selection

A

-the competition between members of the same species and sex for access to breeding stock
-status and hierarchy
-physical combat

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14
Q

what type of animal gave the homo genus?

A

australopithecus

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15
Q

why did homo genus cause brain to get bigger

A

-due to increase in energy consumption (food)

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16
Q

when was agricultural revolution introduced

A

-12,000 years ago (farming)

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17
Q

when were homo sapiens alive

A

200,000 years ago

18
Q

when was the cogntive revolution

A

70,000 years ago

19
Q

physiology and biology are dependent on genes, what does this suggest?

A

the forces that shaped our physical bodies also shaped out psychology

20
Q

what is evolutionary psychology

A

-approach to understand design of human mind
-is not an area of study, is perception

21
Q

what does an evolutionary perspective suggest about natural selection

A

its given us a privileged hypotheses about the world
-given us instincts

22
Q

whats the issue with EEA dangers nowadays?

A

fears of EEA dangers are more common than modern day dangers
-e.g snakes compared to guns and cars

23
Q

why havent EEA changed evolved

A

not been enough time for biological evolution to adapt to our modern environment

24
Q

what are some critisims to evoultionary psychology

A

-stories
-major uncertainty about EEA pressures

25
Q

whats a few examples on interpretations of evolutionary psychology

A

-non genetic explanations
- non adaptive explanations
-genetic determinism- behaviour is controlled by genes and physiology

26
Q

what is comparative evoultionary psychology

A

-subfield that adresses evolutionary psychologys limitation:
-dependence on specualtion about EEA to make inferences about how traits may have evolved

27
Q

what can the comparative approach of evolutionary psychology help us to do

A

helps us disentangle our learned cognition

28
Q

what does the developmental aspect of evoultionary psychology approach?

A

-the earlier a trait emerges the less likely it is to be dependent on socio culturla learning to develop
-the later the emergence of trait the more likely it is to be dependent on socio cultural learning to develop

29
Q

what is the cross cultural approach in evoultionary psychology

A
  • The similar the developmental trajectory of a trait, the less it is likely to be dependent on socio-cultural learning to develop.
    -The more different the developmental trajectory of a trait, the more it is likely to be dependent on socio-cultural learning to develop.
30
Q

whats natural selection

A

selection for genes which enhance mating success

31
Q

whats the parasite theory

A

-parasites account for most mortality than anything else
-a strong immune system should be attractive

32
Q

if the sex invests more in…

A

-its offspring will be more selective when choosing a mate
-usually females more picky where male invest more

33
Q

what are the sex differences in mate preferences?

A

-males value reproductive capacity more
-females value resource acquisition more

34
Q

what are some issues with evolutionary psychology

A

-biased samples
-social desirability
-huge intra sexual variation in preferences

35
Q

how do women perceive low and high testosterone

A

-high; strong immune system, considered to be more ‘nasty’
-low; weak imune response; perceived as a nice person

36
Q

what happens to women during fertile window

A

-tend to look for mroe dominant healthier appearing men

37
Q

what is an example of the cycle shift

A

women tend to look for more feminised faces but during fertile period look for more masculine faces

38
Q

what does mhc stand for

A

major histocompatiblity complex

39
Q

what is MHC

A

genes that control the immune response and effective resistance against pathogens, a known preference for males with MHC

40
Q

what did study of MHC show

A

-when women were ovulating, prefered smell of men with higher MHC however this was reversed when women took contraceptives

41
Q

in a social aspect what does EP and SP display

A

-evolutionary adaptations linked to psycholigcal sex differences
-social psychology linked to psychological sex differences

42
Q

what is the difference between EP and SP

A
  • EP: sex differences in mate preferences stem from sex diffs in relative gamete size and parental investment
    SP: sex differences in mate preferences stem from gendered social roles

psychology (7 decks)

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