evolution and human behaviour

Question 1

what are 5 mechanisms of biological evolution

Answer 1

natural selection
sexual selection
mutation
gene flow
gene drift

Question 2

what are the 3 pillars of natural selection

Answer 2

competition
variation
heritability

Question 3

what happens quicker, genetic heritability or natural selection

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 4

what do genes contain

Answer 4

proteins

Question 5

where are genes found

Answer 5

on strands of dna

Question 6

what did gregor Mendel 1865 discover

Answer 6

there are 2 versions of a gene in an organism, one from each parent

Question 7

what is genetic drift

Answer 7

variation in frequency of different genotypes in a small population due to chance dissappearance of genes dying or not reproducing

Question 8

whats gene flow

Answer 8

movement of genes into or out of a population, may lead to migration of organisms

Question 9

everyone has diff genetic makeup except?

Answer 9

mono zygotic twins

Question 10

what does ricjard Dawkins say about genes

Answer 10

-are a unit of selection in biological evolution
- genes are self interested

Question 11

what is it meant by biological fitness

Answer 11

number of copies of genes passed onto future generation

Question 12

what is INTERsexual selection

Answer 12

-when one gender makes mate choices based on a specific characteristic of the other gender
-gametic investment
prefferred mate choice

Question 13

what is INTRAsexual selection

Answer 13

-the competition between members of the same species and sex for access to breeding stock
-status and hierarchy
-physical combat

Question 14

what type of animal gave the homo genus?

Answer 14

australopithecus

Question 15

why did homo genus cause brain to get bigger

Answer 15

-due to increase in energy consumption (food)

Question 16

when was agricultural revolution introduced

Answer 16

-12,000 years ago (farming)

Question 17

when were homo sapiens alive

Answer 17

200,000 years ago

Question 18

when was the cogntive revolution

Answer 18

70,000 years ago

Question 19

physiology and biology are dependent on genes, what does this suggest?

Answer 19

the forces that shaped our physical bodies also shaped out psychology

Question 20

what is evolutionary psychology

Answer 20

-approach to understand design of human mind
-is not an area of study, is perception

Question 21

what does an evolutionary perspective suggest about natural selection

Answer 21

its given us a privileged hypotheses about the world
-given us instincts

Question 22

whats the issue with EEA dangers nowadays?

Answer 22

fears of EEA dangers are more common than modern day dangers
-e.g snakes compared to guns and cars

Question 23

why havent EEA changed evolved

Answer 23

not been enough time for biological evolution to adapt to our modern environment

Question 24

what are some critisims to evoultionary psychology

Answer 24

-stories
-major uncertainty about EEA pressures

Question 25

whats a few examples on interpretations of evolutionary psychology

Answer 25

-non genetic explanations - non adaptive explanations -genetic determinism- behaviour is controlled by genes and physiology

Question 26

what is comparative evoultionary psychology

Answer 26

-subfield that adresses evolutionary psychologys limitation: -dependence on specualtion about EEA to make inferences about how traits may have evolved

Question 27

what can the comparative approach of evolutionary psychology help us to do

Answer 27

helps us disentangle our learned cognition

Question 28

what does the developmental aspect of evoultionary psychology approach?

Answer 28

-the earlier a trait emerges the less likely it is to be dependent on socio culturla learning to develop -the later the emergence of trait the more likely it is to be dependent on socio cultural learning to develop

Question 29

what is the cross cultural approach in evoultionary psychology

Answer 29

- The similar the developmental trajectory of a trait, the less it is likely to be dependent on socio-cultural learning to develop. -The more different the developmental trajectory of a trait, the more it is likely to be dependent on socio-cultural learning to develop.

Question 30

whats natural selection

Answer 30

selection for genes which enhance mating success

Question 31

whats the parasite theory

Answer 31

-parasites account for most mortality than anything else -a strong immune system should be attractive

Question 32

if the sex invests more in...

Answer 32

-its offspring will be more selective when choosing a mate -usually females more picky where male invest more

Question 33

what are the sex differences in mate preferences?

Answer 33

-males value reproductive capacity more -females value resource acquisition more

Question 34

what are some issues with evolutionary psychology

Answer 34

-biased samples -social desirability -huge intra sexual variation in preferences

Question 35

how do women perceive low and high testosterone

Answer 35

-high; strong immune system, considered to be more 'nasty' -low; weak imune response; perceived as a nice person

Question 36

what happens to women during fertile window

Answer 36

-tend to look for mroe dominant healthier appearing men

Question 37

what is an example of the cycle shift

Answer 37

women tend to look for more feminised faces but during fertile period look for more masculine faces

Question 38

what does mhc stand for

Answer 38

major histocompatiblity complex

Question 39

what is MHC

Answer 39

genes that control the immune response and effective resistance against pathogens, a known preference for males with MHC

Question 40

what did study of MHC show

Answer 40

-when women were ovulating, prefered smell of men with higher MHC however this was reversed when women took contraceptives

Question 41

in a social aspect what does EP and SP display

Answer 41

-evolutionary adaptations linked to psycholigcal sex differences -social psychology linked to psychological sex differences

Question 42

what is the difference between EP and SP

Answer 42

* EP: sex differences in mate preferences stem from sex diffs in relative gamete size and parental investment SP: sex differences in mate preferences stem from gendered social roles