evolution quiz 1-4

Question 1

what are some examples of environmental changes (5)

Answer 1

• severe weather
• famine
• competition for food
• space
• mates

Question 2

what happens when a species is not able to succeed in an environment

Answer 2

they become extinct

Question 3

3 adaptions that animals may have

Answer 3

• camouflage (physical adaption)
• hibernation (physiological adaption)
• owl talons (structural adaption)

Question 4

what is mimicry

Answer 4

when harmless species resemble harmful species (like monarch and viceroy butterflies)

Question 5

what is adaptation

Answer 5

when a species changes to fit the environment

Question 6

what is an example of variation vs adaptation

Answer 6

English peppered moth, 1848 2% black, 1898 95% black

Question 7

why do different individuals in a species look different

Answer 7

due to different genes

Question 8

what is a mutation

Answer 8

permanent change in the genetic material of an organism, it is the only source of new genetic variation

Question 9

does mutation ever stop

Answer 9

no, it is continuous and spontaneous

Question 10

how are mutations passed on

Answer 10

passed on through gamete cells

Question 11

what is a scientific theory

Answer 11

a well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occured in the natural world

Question 12

all biologists believe evolution is a thing, true or faltse

Answer 12

true

Question 13

define evolution

Answer 13

the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Question 14

when did people believe the Earth was created

Answer 14

Sunday, October 23, 4004 BC

Question 15

who created the taxonomy system

Answer 15

linnaeous

Question 16

what are the 8 taxonomy groups

Answer 16

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 17

what was lamarck’s theory

Answer 17

giraffes would stretch their necks to reach higher branches, untrue since that did not affect genetics of sperm or cell

Question 18

what vehicle did darwin travel on, how long

Answer 18

HMS beagle, 5 years

Question 19

what was darwin’s theories

Answer 19

geography and the evolution of animals was related

Question 20

what is the uniformation theory

Answer 20

the earth’s surface is always changing

Question 21

what are fossils

Answer 21

preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms

Question 22

what are the most common fossils

Answer 22

hard body parts (bone)

Question 23

what are other examples of fossils

Answer 23

impressions of burrows, footprints, and chemical remains

Question 24

what was the archaeopteryx

Answer 24

the first bird, resembled dinosaurs more resulting in the theory that birds are dinosaurs

Question 25

what was the Acanthostega

Answer 25

- the link between fish and amphibians - had gills and lungs

Question 26

what is necessary for fossilization

Answer 26

dead organism must be protected from animals, air and bacteria that may help in decay

Question 27

what are some forms of fossilization (4)

Answer 27

- frozen - amber - sediment - tar

Question 28

what percent of the fossil record are living today

Answer 28

less than 1%

Question 29

how is the relative age of a fossil determined

Answer 29

by using a stratigraphy

Question 30

how is absolute age determined

Answer 30

carbon 14

Question 31

how do paleontologists determine the age of rock

Answer 31

potassium 40

Question 32

what is biogeography

Answer 32

how the environment of an organism changes its features, example Galapagos Finches

Question 33

what are homologous structures

Answer 33

- structures that share a common origin but may serve different functions - forelimbs of these species take on different functions depending on niche

Question 34

animals with back bones are very similar as embryos, true or false

Answer 34

true

Question 35

what odd things are apart of the human embryo

Answer 35

- tail - 2 chambered heart

Question 36

what do embryos of anteaters have that they loose

Answer 36

teeth

Question 37

what are vestigial structures, give examples

Answer 37

homologous structures that may not have a purpose (like the appendix or goosebumps)

Question 38

what are analogous structures

Answer 38

structures that are similar in function but not in origin, or anatomical structures - wings of birds and bees - flippers of penguins and dolphins

Question 39

what is artificial selection

Answer 39

humans choose which plants or animals will reproduce

Question 40

how does artificial selection help us understand natural selection

Answer 40

if humans could alter the species through artificial selection then the environment could have a similar effect

Question 41

what is natural selection

Answer 41

when nature chose individuals with particular desirable variations for reproduction

Question 42

who created the idea that animals and plants create more offspring that can survive (survival of the fittest)

Answer 42

Thomas Malthus

Question 43

what are the 6 points of darwin's theory

Answer 43

- individuals within species will vary - some variability is inherited - every generation produces more offspring than is likely to survive - population size is relatively stable - members of the same species compete for survival - individuals with more favorable features are more likely to pass them on (like being strong) (natural selection)