evolution test

Question 1

Darwin inferred that all organisms descended from a…

Answer 1

common ancestor

Question 2

What is evolution?

Answer 2

A gradual change in heritable traits over time

Question 3

Individuals in a population show variation due to what 2 things?

Answer 3

Mutation and meiosis

Question 4

What is competition?

Answer 4

Two animals trying to access the same limited resources

Question 5

What’s another name for natural selection?

Answer 5

Survival of the fittest

Question 6

What is fitness?

Answer 6

The ability of an organism to survive in its environment and mate successfully

Question 7

What is stabilizing selection?

Answer 7

When the moderate trait is favored over the two extremes

Question 8

What is disruptive selection?

Answer 8

When the two extreme traits are favored over the moderate trait

Question 9

What is directional selection?

Answer 9

When one extreme is favored over the other

Question 10

Who else came up with natural selection besides Darwin?

Answer 10

Alfred Wallace

Question 11

Genetic drift is a change in…

Answer 11

allele frequencies

Question 12

T/F: Genetic drift is complete luck/chance

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the founder effect?

Answer 13

When a small proportion of a population establishes a new population with a different allele frequency

Question 14

What is the bottleneck effect?

Answer 14

When a small proportion of the original population survives, causing a sudden change in allele frequency

Question 15

What four processes are involved in natural selection?

Answer 15

-Genetic variation
-Overproduction of offspring
-Struggle for existence
-Differential survival and reproduction

Question 16

What are the 5 types of evidence used to prove evolution?

Answer 16

-Vestigial structures
-Anatomical evidence
-Molecular evidence
-Embryological evidence
-Fossil evidence

Question 17

What is speciation?

Answer 17

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution?

Question 18

A hybrid is a cross between…

Answer 18

different species

Question 19

What causes speciation to occur?

Answer 19

When populations are reproductively isolated

Question 20

What are the two types of speciation?

Answer 20

Allopatric and sympatric

Question 21

What are prezygotic barriers?

Answer 21

Barriers that occur before zygote formation (they prevent successful mating)

Question 22

What are examples of prezygotic barriers

Answer 22

-Behavioral isolation
-Gametic isolation
-Temporal isolation
-Habitat isolation
-Mechanical isolation

Question 23

What are postzygotic barriers?

Answer 23

Barriers that occur after a zygote has formed

Question 24

If two different species interbreed and have a zygote, what can cause problems?

Answer 24

The chromosomal mismatch

Question 25

What problems can chromosomal mismatches cause?

Answer 25

-It could be lethal to the embryo -Can result in an unhealthy individual -The embryo is infertile

Question 26

What is allopatric speciation?

Answer 26

When populations of species become geographically isolated

Question 27

What is sympatric isolation?

Answer 27

When speciation occurs without geographical isolation

Question 28

What else can speciation cause?

Answer 28

Extinction

Question 29

What else can cause extinction?

Answer 29

-New diseases -New, successful competitors -New predators -A single catastrophic event -A change in the environment

Question 30

What type of population is most vulnerable of genetic drift?

Answer 30

Small populations

Question 31

What is strata?

Answer 31

Rock layers that scientists study to observe evolution

Question 32

What are sudden changes in the rock strata called?

Answer 32

catastrophism

Question 33

What is Uniformitarianism?

Answer 33

Geological processes have changed the shape of Earth

Question 34

What is gradualism?

Answer 34

The idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations

Question 35

What is punctuated equillibrium

Answer 35

When speciation occurs quickly, in rapid bursts with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between

Question 36

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 36

a number of different species diverge from a common ancestor

Question 37

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 37

evolution among different groups of organisms living in similar environments produces species that are similar in appearance and behavior

Question 38

What is taxonomy?

Answer 38

The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups

Question 39

What are the classifications in taxonomy?

Answer 39

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species