evolution test

Question 1

what is a fossil

Answer 1

preserved remains of ancient organisms that provide evidence for how life has changed over time.

Question 2

who proposed that the selective use/disuse of an organ led to a change in the organ, and was passed to the offspring?

Answer 2

Jean-baptiste Lamarck

Question 3

who was Alfred Wallace?

Answer 3

published his own theory of evolution by natural selection around the same time as Darwin

Question 4

what is fitness?

Answer 4

the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

Question 5

what is natural selection? what is another name for it?

Answer 5

process where individuals are better suited to their environment, so they survive and reproduce more successfully; survival of the fittest.

Question 6

what is a homologous structure?

Answer 6

structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

Question 7

what are vestigial organs?

Answer 7

homologous structures that are so reduced in size that they no longer function. ex: human appendix

Question 8

what is evolution?

Answer 8

the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

Question 9

what is artificial selection?

Answer 9

a human choosing the strongest, fastest, or best of the animals to breed.

Question 10

what is descent with modification?

Answer 10

the idea that each living species has descended with changes over time from other species

Question 11

what did Darwin observe that contributed to theory of evolution?

Answer 11

finches and turtles

Question 12

what is inheritance of acquired traits?

Answer 12

a giraffe stretching its neck longer and longer, and the trait is passed to the offspring

Question 13

convergent evolution?

Answer 13

unrelated species begin to look similar to one another

Question 14

what is divergent evolution?

Answer 14

enough differences accumulate to create a new species

Question 15

what is adaptive radiation?

Answer 15

the name of the changes that lead to divergent evolution

Question 16

what are analogous structures?

Answer 16

structures with the same function but evolved separately in different species

Question 17

what is darwin’s publication of his theory of evolution called?

Answer 17

on the origin of species

Question 18

what was the ship where Darwin traveled to the Galapagos called?

Answer 18

H.M.S. Beagle

Question 19

what did darwin study in addition to to living organisms?

Answer 19

fossils

Question 20

what did Darwin observe about plants and animals on the islands ?

Answer 20

their characteristics varied from island to island

Question 21

what is an adaptation?

Answer 21

inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 22

what is struggle for existence?

Answer 22

competition for food, space and other resources within a species

Question 23

what is the most accurate way to determine the age of a fossil?

Answer 23

radiometric dating

Question 24

what kind of fossil is easily identifiable?

Answer 24

index fossils

Question 25

what is the hardy-Weinberg principle?

Answer 25

frequency of each allele in the gene pool remains constant

Question 26

what are the 5 conditions to make hardy-Weinberg possible?

Answer 26

1) very large population 2) no gene flow between populations 3) no mutations 4) random mating 5) no natural selection

Question 27

what does a bell shaped curve represent?

Answer 27

stabilizing selection

Question 28

what does a mountain shaped curve represent?

Answer 28

directional selection

Question 29

what does a double camel hump shaped graph represent?

Answer 29

disruptive selection

Question 30

what is taxonomy?

Answer 30

science of naming and classifying organisms

Question 31

what does a useful classification system do?

Answer 31

gives each organism a unique name

Question 32

what is a cladogram?

Answer 32

a diagram which shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Question 33

name the 7 taxonomic levels greatest to least:

Answer 33

kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species

Question 34

what is a taxon?

Answer 34

group or level of organization in which organisms are classified

Question 35

what is a binomial nomenclature?

Answer 35

classification system in which each species is assigned a two part scientific name

Question 36

domain of all organisms that have nuclei?

Answer 36

eukarya

Question 37

what are archaebacteria?

Answer 37

kingdom of ancient unicellular prokaryotes found in extreme environments

Question 38

what are eubacteria?

Answer 38

kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes that can cause disease

Question 39

what are Protista

Answer 39

kingdom of composed eukaryotes that are not classified as animals, plants, or fungi

Question 40

what are fungi?

Answer 40

kingdom of heterotrophs including mushrooms, toadstools, and yeast that obtain energy nutrients from dead matter

Question 41

what is plantae?

Answer 41

multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs

Question 42

what is the taxon larger than a kingdom?

Answer 42

domain

Question 43

what is the first part of a scientific name called? (always capitalized)

Answer 43

genus

Question 44

what is a dichotomous key?

Answer 44

series of paired statements that describe characteristics of different organisms that can be used to classify different organisms

Question 45

what are the three domains?

Answer 45

archaea, bacteria, and eukarya

Question 46

what are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 46

archaebacteria, Protista, plantae, eubacteria, fungi, and animalia

Question 47

difference between stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection

Answer 47

stabilizing- average phenotype favored directional- change in environment shifts spectrum of phenotype a disruptive- two or more extreme phenotype a have advantages