EWT, Anxiety And Cognitive Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is an eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitness testimony is a legal term. It refers to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed.
What did Loftus and Palmer(1974) do on EWT?
Aim - investigate how misleading info could affect EWT accounts,
Procedure - 45 Americans, lab experiment with 5 conditions, shown a car crash, asked questions “how fast was the car gong when they ‘ ‘ each other”, used a different verb to see how it would affect their answer.
Findings - (in this order) ‘contacted’ ‘hit’ ‘bumped’ ‘collided’ ‘smashed’ affected the speed at which they thought the car was going. The verb does affect it.
What are the AO3 of Loftus and Palmer’s EWT Experiment?
Lacks mundane realism,
Lacks ecological validity,
Not representative as low generalisation,
But it is easy to replicate.
What do we do in a state of anxiety?
We focus on whatever is making us worry on scared, then we exclude external information.
Clifford and Scott study (1978), describe its findings.
found that people who saw a film of a violent attack remembered fewer of the 40 items of information about the event than a control group who saw a less stressful version.
Yuille and Cutshall (1986), what did they do?
Goes against Clifford’s study
21 witnesses observed a shooting incident in Canada,
13/21 aged 15-32 agreed to an interview 4-5 months after the police talked to them,
They found that even after 5 months, they recalled the same amount,
Those who said they were the most stressed recall 88% compared to those who weren’t as stressed.
What are the AO3 of Yuille’s study?
High ecological validity,
High generalisation,
Extraneous variables as those who were closer will of endured more stress.
What is a cognitive interview?
A method of interviewing eyewitnesses and victims about what they remember from a crime scene
What are the 4 retrieval methods in the CI?
Report everything - literally recalling everything.
Context/mental reinstatement - trying to mentally create an image of the crime scene such as emotions or weather outside.
Recall in a change of perspective - describe what another person may of seen.
Recall in a change order - describe the seem in a non chronological order.
What are the additional features in enhanced cognitive interview?
(not in spec)
- Encourage the witness to relax and speak slowly.
- Offer comments to help clarify witness statements.
- Adapt questions to suit the understanding of individual witnesses.
what is the AO3 of the cognitive interview?
Limitation - time consuming, lots if training needed, to change POV an order it uses assumptions, expensive.
Strength - Geiselman (1985) study supports this
Geiselman (1985), talk about it.
Participants viewed a film of a violent crime,
after 48 hours, they were interviewed by a policeman using CI, a standard police interview or an interview using hypnosis.
Findings - CI was 41.2, for hypnosis it was 38.0, standard interview it was 29.4.
What are the AO3 of Geiselman (1985)?
High ecological validity,
Small sample,
Extraneous variables of participants talking to each other,
Easy replicated.
