ex 10 & 11

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

describes all chemical reactions in the cell, carried out by enzymes

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

breaking down larger molecules into smaller parts-

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

is biosynthesis–making larger molecules from smaller components

Question 4

anabolic reaction are usually

Answer 4

endergonic and require energy (pos free energy reactions)

Question 5

catobolism is usually

Answer 5

exergonic and generate energy (neg free energy reactions)

Question 6

bacteria can use a variety of molecules as sources of energy:

Answer 6

carbohydrates

proteins

lipids

Question 7

complex large compounds are broken down into smaller molecules that can enter the

Answer 7

central metabolic pathways to generate energy (glycolysis and the Krebs (aka TCA or CAC) cycle)

Question 8

certain bacteria can exoenzymes, enzymes secreted

Answer 8

outside the cell, that allow them to break down large molecules into smaller components that can be imported and used for carbon and energy

Question 9

for ex some bacteria produce the exoenzyme amylase to

Answer 9

hydrolyze starch, producing glucose monomers

Question 10

hydolysis is when an enzyme uses

Answer 10

water to break down a substrate

Question 11

starch agar

Answer 11

non-selective media that contains starch

Bacillus subtilis only bacteria that grew from lab

Question 12

sugar fermentation

Answer 12

this tests the ability of an organism to ferment specific sugars

Question 13

how to perform MR

Answer 13

add 4 drops of methyl red to each tube

Question 14

how to perform VP

Answer 14

add 14 drops of VP-A and 18 drops of VP-B
vortex gently and let sit with lid off for 30 mins

Question 15

citrate slant

Answer 15

used to determine whether an organism can use citrate as their sole source of carbon

Question 16

TSI

Question 17

any orgranism that can grow on complex media like Luria-Burtani or TSA (tryptic soy agar) can also grow on

Answer 17

starch agar

Question 18

some secrete the exoenzyme

Answer 18

amylase into the starch agar and hydrolyze the starch

Question 19

after incubation, what do you add to see if the bacteria grew on the starch agar and what does it look like if it can grow

Answer 19

you add iodine for 10-15 minutes with lid on

a halo will be observed if amylase was produced during growth, if amylase was not produced the agar will stay dark

Question 20

what 3 sugars does the carbohydrate fermentation tubes test

Answer 20

glucose
lactose
sucrose

Question 21

if an organism can ferment the sugar in the tube an acidic product will be produced and the phenol red indicator will turn

Answer 21

yellow

Question 22

if gas is produced what forms in the tube and why?

Answer 22

a bubble is produced

b/c some gas was trapped as it was produced

Question 23

what are the 3 possible results for a fermentation tube

Answer 23

K
A
Ag

Question 24

what does K mean

Answer 24

tube stayed RED

bacteria could not ferment that sugar

Question 25

what does A mean

Answer 25

tube turned YELLOW bacteria could ferment that sugar but gas was not produced

Question 26

what does Ag mean

Answer 26

tube turned YELLOW a bubble is produced b/c acid and gas were produced during fermentation

Question 27

what does a positive citrate slant look like and why

Answer 27

will be able to grow on the agar and cause it to change from green to blue due to a rise in pH can import citrate into the cell and use it to make all carbon-containing compounds required for growth and use it to make ATP via respiration or fermentation

Question 28

what does a negative citrate slant look like and why

Answer 28

will not be able to grow and the agar will remain green b/c they require another source of carbon

Question 29

what are the glucose fermentation pathways

Answer 29

mixed acid pathway 2,3 butanediol pathway

Question 30

what glucose fermentation pathway does MR positive take

Answer 30

mixed acid pathway

Question 31

what glucose fermentation pathway does VP positive take

Answer 31

2,3 butanediol pathway

Question 32

if the citrate tube is green what does it mean

Answer 32

no growth citrate neg

Question 33

if the citrate tube is blue what does it mean

Answer 33

growth citrate pos

Question 34

is MR tube is cherry red what does it mean

Answer 34

MR +

Question 35

if MR tube is orange what does it mean

Answer 35

MR -

Question 36

if there is no red layer on a VP tube what does it mean

Answer 36

VP -

Question 37

if there is a red later on a VP tube what does it mean

Answer 37

VP +

Question 38

in carb fermentation tube what letter represents a RED tube after fermentation

Answer 38

K no acid never gas

Question 39

in carb fermentation tube what letter represents YELLOW tube after fermentation

Answer 39

A yes acid if there is gas then it is Ag

Question 40

in a TSI tube what does the letter K mean

Answer 40

no fermentation of sugar(s)

Question 41

in a TSI tube what does the letter A mean

Answer 41

fermentation of sugar(s)

Question 42

what sugar is at the butt of the TSI tube

Answer 42

glucose

Question 43

what sugars are at the slant of the TSI tube

Answer 43

sucrose lactose

Question 44

if the slant is yellow on a TSI tube what does that mean

Answer 44

there is lactose and/or sucrose fermentation

Question 45

K/A what do the letters mean

Answer 45

K is the slant color A is the butt color

Question 46

what does H2S mean

Answer 46

the butt ferments glucose and will be black indicates anaerobic respiration