Ex 3 Part 2 Flashcards Preview

Nutrition > Ex 3 Part 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ex 3 Part 2 Deck (90)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the AMDR for carbs?

A

45-65% cal

2
Q

What is the RDA for carbs?

A

130 g

3
Q

What is the RDA for men for fiber?

A

38 g

4
Q

What is the RDA for fiber for women ?

A

25 g

5
Q

What is the AMDR for total fat?

A

20-35% cal

6
Q

What is the AMDR for protein ?

A

10-35% cal

7
Q

What is the RAD for protein?

A

0.8g/kg of body weight

8
Q

What is the RAD for N-6?

A

11-17 g

9
Q

What is the RDA for N-3?

A

1.1-1.6 g

10
Q

What are the momsaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

11
Q

What digests disaccharides?

A

Brush boarder enzymes (sucrose, lactase)

12
Q

What is the naming for sucrose?

A

Glucose(a1-B2) fructose

13
Q

What is an invert sugar?

A

Glucose and fructose in 1:1 ratio

14
Q

Wha this the most common form of carb malabsorption?

A

Lack of lactase

15
Q

What disaccharide is a product of starch degradation?

A

Maltose

16
Q

What are bad sources of lactose?

A

Wheat bread, cheddar cheese, cake donut

17
Q

What are good sources of lactose?

A

Yogurt, milk, ice cream, cottage cheese, milk chocolate

18
Q

Added sugar should account for how much of total energy?

A

Less than 10%

19
Q

What acts as fiber?

A

Oligosaccharides

20
Q

What is the sweetest thing?

A

Fructose

21
Q

What is storage form of carbs in plants?

A

Starch

22
Q

What is storage from of carbs in mammals ?

A

Glycogen

23
Q

Starch is 100_________?

A

Glucose

24
Q

Starch is a combo of what?

A

Amylose, amylopectin

25
Q

What is the most resistant starch?

A

RS3

26
Q

What is retro graded from cooling gelatinized starch?

A

RS3

27
Q

What kind of starch is chemically synthesized or “modified”

A

RS4

28
Q

What starch is physically inaccessible for digestion?

A

RS1

29
Q

What is starch digested by?

A

Alpha amylase

30
Q

What does alpha amylase digest?

A

Alpha (1-4) bonds

31
Q

What does alpha amylase yield?

A

Dextrins and limit dextrins

32
Q

What digests dextrins and limit dextrins ?

A

Maltase and isomaltase

33
Q

Is glycogen found in plants ?

A

No

34
Q

How much glycogen in calories is in the liver?

A

100 g = 400 kcal

35
Q

How much glycogen is stored in the muscle ?

A

350 g = 1400 kcal

36
Q

What are the insoluble fibers?

A

Cellulose, lignin, some pectins, some hemicelluloses

37
Q

What are good sources of fiber?

A
  1. Beans 2. Veggies 3. Fruits 4. Breads and cereals
38
Q

What may contain up to 14 grams of fiber per serving?

A

Bran cereals

39
Q

What kind of fiber increase water wording capacity and increase fecal volume and decreases GI transit time?

A

Insoluble fiber

40
Q

What kind of fiber increase GI transit time, form gels, bind nutrients?

A

Soluble fiber

41
Q

What do fiber rich foods contain?

A

Phytate and oxalate

42
Q

What kind of fiber helps deter heart disease and babies?

A

Soluble

43
Q

What food decreased colorectal cancer most?

A

Cereal fiber

44
Q

Average Americans consume how much fiber per day?

A

12-18 g/day

45
Q

Glucose is regulated by what?

A

Insulin and glucagon

46
Q

What is the normal fasting blood glucose?

A

70-99mg/dL

47
Q

What cells release insulin?

A

Beta cells in the pancreas

48
Q

Insulin stimulates what in muscle and adipose ?

A

GLUT-4

49
Q

What cells release glucagon?

A

Alpha cells in the pancreas

50
Q

People with type 1 diabetes are insulin ___________?

A

Dependent

51
Q

People with type 2 diabetes are insulin_______?>

A

Independent

52
Q

What affects blood glucose and increases triglycerides?

A

Sugars and starch

53
Q

Does dietary fiber increase blood glucose?

A

No

54
Q

In the stomach, what denatures protein and activates pepsin?

A

HCl

55
Q

By what method is protein absorbed?

A

Active transport

56
Q

What protein def has an appearance on the skin and bone?

A

Marasmus

57
Q

What protein malnutrition is associated with stomach distension and dry brittle hair?

A

Kwashiorkor

58
Q

A positive on the skin prick test tells you that there’s a ____% chance of allergy?

A

50

59
Q

What is celiac disease ?

A

IgA reaction to gliadin

60
Q

What makes up 50% of al the phospholoipids in the body?

A

Lecithin

61
Q

What makes phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)

A

Pamitic acid and oleic acid

62
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids in the mouth?

A

Lingual lipase

63
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids in the stomach?

A

Gastric lipase (and peristalsis)

64
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids in the SI?

A

Pancreatic lipase

65
Q

Lipids are absorbed via what?

A

Passive diffusion

66
Q

What is required to transport long chain FA to the mitochondria ?

A

L-carnitine

67
Q

Lipoprotein lipase is activated by?

A

ApoC-2 on VLDL and chylomicrons

68
Q

What does LACT require?

A

Copper

69
Q

LCAT is associated with what?

A

HDL (reverse cholesterol transport

70
Q

What activates LCAT?

A

ApoA-1

71
Q

What inhibits lipoprotein lipase?

A

ApoC-III

72
Q

What muscle fiber has more IMTG?

A

Type 1

73
Q

Tri to di =?

A

Adipose triglyceride lipase

74
Q

Di to mono =?

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

75
Q

Mono to glycerol?

A

Monoglyceride lipase

76
Q

Omega 3 def =?

A

Eye probs, nerve damage

77
Q

Omega 6 def =?

A

Scaly skin, extreme thirst

78
Q

Replacing Caribs with Mufa and PUFA decreases what?

A

TG, VLDL, blood pressure and c reactive protein

79
Q

Replacing carbs with Mufa and PUFA increases what?

A

HDL

80
Q

What is the most potent and aggressive of ROS/RNS?

A

Hydroxyl radicAL

81
Q

WHAT Are the enzymatic AOX?

A

SOD, GPx, CAT

82
Q

GPx requires what?

A

Selenium

83
Q

What does catalase (CAT) require?

A

Iron

84
Q

What are able to quench free rads?

A

Vit ACE

85
Q

What is able to regenerate vitamin E?

A

Vic C, coQ, b-carotene, glutathione

86
Q

What is pathological obsession or preoccupation with healthy foods?

A

Orthorexia nervosa

87
Q

What does free cholesterol inhabit?

A

HMG CoA reductase

88
Q

What does free cholesterol decrease ?

A

LDL synth

89
Q

In late fasting half of gluconeogenesis occurs where?

A

Kidney

90
Q

What is released from muscle and take up by the kidney and used for gluconeogenesis?

A

Glutamine