Question 1

``` Select 2 Phase I reactions associated with drug metabolism Hydrolysis Reduction Conjugation Synthetic ```

Accepted Answer

Answer: hydrolysis, reduction Phase 1 includes hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction

Question 2

The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs is known as

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics What the body does to a drug

Question 3

A drug that is metabolized at a constant rate is said to undergo the

Accepted Answer

Zero order kinetics

Question 4

That absorption and distribution of a drug would fall under the study of

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Question 5

ADME

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics - what the body does to the drug. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 6

______ route of administration requires a significantly higher dosage to achieve a therapeutic plasma concentration

Accepted Answer

Oral - due to first pass metabolism

Question 7

``` Which of the following processes is a phase II metabolic reaction? A. Oxidation B. Reduction C. Hydrolysis D. Conjugation ```

Accepted Answer

D

Question 8

If liver enzymes are exposed to particular compounds or drugs over a period of time, they will increase their activity, resulting in an increased ability to metabolize. This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Hepatic enzyme induction

Question 9

You administer a drug that has a half-life of ten minutes and has an initial plasma concentration of 50 mg/dL. At ten minutes, the plasma concentration is 45 mg/dL, and at 20 minutes, it is 40 mg/dL. This drug undergoes ________-order kinetics

Accepted Answer

Zero-order Kinetics

Question 10

First order kinetics

Accepted Answer

Each half life decreases the concentration by 50%

Question 11

Zero order kinetics

Accepted Answer

Decreases by fixed amount with each half life

Question 12

``` What layer of skin is the rate-limiting layer for the absorption of eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. stratum granulosum D. stratum spinosum ```

Accepted Answer

Answer: A
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. It contains 5 layers. From bottom to top the layers are named: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is the rate-limiting layer of skin for the absorption of transcutaneous drugs.

Question 13

Ideally, a medication used for a transdermal application has:
A. a molecular weight less than 1000 daltons
B. a daily dose requirement between 15 and 20 mg
C. a pH between 10 and 12
D. absolutely no water-solubility characteristics

Accepted Answer

A
The characteristics of an ideal transdermal drug are that it have a molecular weight less than 1000 daltons, have both water and lipid solubility characteristics, have a pH between 5 and 9 in an aqueous solution, exhibit no histamine-releasing effects, and have a daily dose requirement less than 10 mg.

Question 14

``` Which of the following measurements predicts the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the central compartment when a continuous infusion is discontinued? A. Volume of distribution B. Concentration-response curve C. Steady-state plasma concentration D. Context-sensitive half-time ```

Accepted Answer

Answer: D
The context-sensitive half-time predicts the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the central compartment when a continuous infusion is discontinued. The volume of distribution describes the virtual volume into which the drug is distributed. The steady-state plasma concentration corresponds to the steady concentration at the site of action and is determined by a concentration-response curve. It should be noted that context sensitive half-times are computer models that only predict the time for 50% of the drug in the central compartment to be eliminated. It does not predict the time for recovery from the drug.

Question 15

ED50 refers to

Accepted Answer

The time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated

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