EX3 Neuro - Basal Ganglia Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the four clinically significant basal ganglia
striatum (neostriatum)
globus pallidus (paleostratum)
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus
This lies lateral to the thalamus and is divided by the internal capsule
striatum
What are the three nuclei that make up the striatum
caudate nucleus
putamen
nucleus accumbens
What are the two nuclei that make up the lenticular (lentiform) nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
What cortical areas project into the basal ganglia
the cerebral cortex sends fibers to the basal ganglia
What is the target of the fibers from the cerebral cortex to the basal ganglia
striatum; caudate nucleus, putamen
medial segment of the globus pallidus
What is the structure that separates the caudate nucleus and putamen
internal capsule
What is the neurotransmitter that originates within nerve cell bodies that make up the substantia nigra pars compacta
dopamine
What disease is a result from a loss of dopamine nerve cell bodies in the substantia nigra
Parkinson’s disease
What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the caudate-putamen and globus pallidus
GABA
What does disinhibition mean
to make something less inhibited; taking the foot off the brake
What two nuclei contain neurons that are disinhibited by the action of the globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
thalamus VL nucleus
What is the end result of the disinhibition of the sub thalamic nucleus and thalamus VL nucleus
disinhibition of the indirect loop
*motor activity
What is athetoid
slow, involuntary, twisting, writhing movements
usually a result of damage to the striatum during childbirth
What is choreiform
spastic, irregular, involuntary, purposeless, abrupt, rapid, nonrepetitive movements that flow from one body part to another
What causes choreiform
Huntington’s disease/Syndenham’s chorea
loss of GABAergic neurons in the striatum
What is ballism (ballistic)
large amplitude flinging, repetitive, various, flailing movements (throwing ball)
What causes ballism
damage to the sub thalamic nucleus
What is akinesia
no movement
What is bradykinesia
decreased speed of movement
What is hypokinesia
decreased amplitude of movement
The loss of what neurons and of which neurotransmitter cause the motor dysfunction seen in Huntington’s disease
loss of GABAergis neurons in the striatum
The loss of what neurons and of which neurotransmitter cause the motor dysfunction seen in Parkinson’s disease
degeneration of dopamine-secreting substantia nigra pars compacta
The loss of what neurons and of which neurotransmitter cause the motor dysfunction seen in hemiballism
damage to subtalamic nucleus
