Final Embryo - Great Vessel Development

Question 1

What are the major pairs of veins draining into the sinus venosus

Answer 1

anterior and posterior cardinal creating the common cardinal
umbilical
vitelline

Question 2

Which veins drain deoxygenated blood from yolk sac

Answer 2

vitelline

Question 3

Which veins drain oxygenated blood from placenta

Answer 3

umbilical

Question 4

Which veins drain deoxygenated blood from body of embryo

Answer 4

cardinal veins

Question 5

Which cardinal vein drains the region superior to the heart

Answer 5

anterior cardinal

Question 6

Which cardinal vein drains the region inferior to the heart

Answer 6

posterior cardinal

Question 7

The left anterior cardinal vein develops an anastomosis with what

Answer 7

right anterior cardinal vein

Question 8

The caudal portion of the left anterior cardinal vein degenerates becoming the what

Answer 8

left brachiocephalic vein

Question 9

The right anterior cardinal vein becomes what

Answer 9

right brachiocephalic and superior vena cava

Question 10

What do the posterior cardinal veins become

Answer 10

root of azygos vein and common iliac veins

Question 11

What becomes of the right umbilical vein

Answer 11

it degenerates completely

Question 12

What becomes of the left umbilical vein

Answer 12

it forms the ductus venosus

ligamentum venosum in adults

Question 13

What is the ductus venosus

Answer 13

it is a venous shunt between the left umbilical vein and IVC

after week 7

Question 14

What is the purpose of the ductus venosus

Answer 14

It takes the oxygenated blood right to the heart, bypassing the sinusoidal capillaries of the liver

Question 15

What becomes of the left umbilical vein between the heart and liver

Answer 15

it degenerates

Question 16

What is the left umbilical vein carrying

Answer 16

it is the only vessel carrying oxygenated blood to the embryonic heart

Question 17

The right vitelline vein forms what

Answer 17

hepatic portion of IVC

Question 18

What becomes of the left vitelline vein

Answer 18

it degenerates between the heart and liver

Question 19

What do the right and left vitelline veins caudal to the liver form

Answer 19

the hepatic portal system

Question 20

The dorsal aorta remain unfused where

Answer 20

in the region of the pharyngeal arches and distal to that it has fused to form the descending portion

Question 21

How do pharyngeal arch artery pairs develop

Answer 21

craniocaudally with the pharyngeal arches

Question 22

This arch artery never forms or is rudimentary and degenerates

Answer 22

5th arch

Question 23

This pharyngeal arch largely degenerates and the remaining portion becomes the maxillary artery

Answer 23

1st pharyngeal arch

Question 24

This pharyngeal arch largely degenerates but remaining portions become the stapedial artery

Answer 24

2nd pharyngeal arch

Question 25

This pharyngeal arch becomes the common carotid and the proximal portions of the internal carotid

Answer 25

3rd pharyngeal arch

Question 26

The right side of this pharyngeal arch becomes the

Answer 26

4th pharyngeal arch | forms proximal right subclavian artery

Question 27

The left side of this pharyngeal arch forms

Answer 27

4th pharyngeal arch | forms aortic arch segment from left common carotid artery to left subclavian artery

Question 28

The right proximal portion of this pharyngeal arch forms

Answer 28

6th pharyngeal arch | proximal right pulmonary artery

Question 29

The left proximal portion of this pharyngeal arch forms

Answer 29

6th pharyngeal arch | proximal left pulmonary artery

Question 30

The left distal portion of this pharyngeal arch forms

Answer 30

``` 6th pharyngeal arch ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum) ```

Question 31

This nerve hooks under the 6th pharyngeal arch and elongates as its dragged caudally due to heart repositioning

Answer 31

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 32

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks behind what

Answer 32

right subclavian artery

Question 33

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under what

Answer 33

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 34

This forms the proximal portion of the aortic arch and the brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 34

aortic sac

Question 35

This forms the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk

Answer 35

truncus arteriosus

Question 36

The unfused portions on the left side of the dorsal aorta form what

Answer 36

rest of aortic arch distal to left subclavian artery

Question 37

The vitelline arterial plexus form what

Answer 37

celiac trunk SMA IMA

Question 38

The umbilical artery carries what

Answer 38

deoxygenated blood from embryo to placenta

Question 39

The umbilical vein carries what

Answer 39

oxygenated blood from placenta to sinus venosus of embryonic heart

Question 40

Each umbilical artery arises from what

Answer 40

from caudal dorsal aorta (site of future common iliac artery) and courses through connecting stalk to placenta

Question 41

What does the umbilical artery form in adults

Answer 41

``` internal iliac (proximal) superior vesical (proximal) medial umbilical ligament (distal) ```

Question 42

Where does the oxygen supply come before and after birth

Answer 42

before; from placenta | after; from lungs

Question 43

What does the foramen ovale become after birth

Answer 43

fossa ovalis

Question 44

What does the ductus arterioles become after birth

Answer 44

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 45

What does the ductus venosus become after birth

Answer 45

ligamentum venosum

Question 46

What does the umbilical vein become after birth

Answer 46

ligamentum teres hepatic

Question 47

What does the distal umbilical artery become after birth

Answer 47

medial umbilical ligaments